Poor Procedural Justice

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Tom Tyler has led the way in researching procedural justice of counter terrorism among Muslims Tyler et al.(2010). There seems to be research lacking with procedural justice and police legitimacy for regular law enforcement among Arab-Americans. It may or may not be the same predictors that support cooperation of Arab-Americans to cooperate with traditional crime fighting and counter terrorism. Many immigrants from Arab countries like Lebanese in Australia are Muslim(Cherny and Murphy, 2013). The media have focused on relating Arab speaking people, especially Lebanese and Sudanese to Islamic terrorist groups (Al, 2007). In Australia for Arab speaking people, it was more important for them to cooperate if they perceived legitimacy of the authorities …show more content…
UK, and Ghana police legitimacy influenced compliance, but in Ghana legitimacy mattered less for cooperation. This shows a different degree that legitimacy has on cooperation due to community. Another effect on cooperation is the use of crackdowns, raids, profiling based on race, and targeting of certain minorities can negatively affect the amount of cooperation with law enforcement (Kubrin and Weitzer, 2003). Kubrin and Weitzer(2003) also showed poor procedural justice greatly impacts cooperation especially among minorities. Factor, Castillo, and Ratner(2014) compared procedural justice and legitimacy for Jews and Arabs in Israel. They showed Arabs who are the minority and have felt discriminated against by the authors perceive the law as less legitimate. This study was similar to Sunshine and Tyler(2003) to compare perceived legitimacy on different ethnic classes. Sunshine and Tyler(2003) compared blacks, whites and Hispanics, while Factor, Castillo Ratner(2014) compared an even more divided group (Moore, 2000). In Israel religion also plays a role in seeing the police as legitimate as the ultra-orthodox Jewish minority had lower levels compared to the Jewish majority on duty to follow the law (Hasisi and Weitzer, 2007). This shows in different cultural context, religion may or may not affect police legitimacy and the obligation to obey …show more content…
This study had limitations on generalizing it to all Arab-Americans. Many of the Arab Americans in Detroit had been integrated there and were not recent immigrants and also the majority were Christians. The study showed that the background of the Arab Americans had a weak effect in regards to the confidence they had with the police. Also a finding was that their trust and attitudes were related to their confidence with the police. Lower education was the one significant characteristic that led to higher confidence with police, which may also influence other things as well. This study also showed that the various groups of Arab Americans(Muslim and Christians) had similar views on the police. For this study, they used the Detroit Arab American Study(DAAS, 2003)of 850 people of the Detroit area with Arabic

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