Risk factors these are negative influences in the lives of individuals or a community, they may increase the presence of crime, victimization or fear of crime in a community and may also increase the likelihood that individuals engage in crime or become victims. Protective factors these are positive influences that can improve the lives of individuals or the safety of the community, they may decrease the likelihood that individuals engage in crime or become victims.
Risk factors have been broadly defined as those characteristics, variables, or hazards that, if present for a given individual, make it more likely that this individual, rather than someone selected from the general population, will develop a disorder (Pollard et al.,(1999). Research on risk factors for crime has prompted …show more content…
Protective factors have been viewed both as the absence of risk and something theoretically distinct from it (Pollard et al., (1999). The former view looks at risk and protective factors as opposite ends of a continuum (Pollard et al., (1999). For example, excellent performance in school might be considered a protective factor because it is the opposite of poor performance in school a known risk factor. The second view of protective factors sees them as characteristics or conditions that interact with risk factors to reduce their influence on violent behavior. For example, poverty is often seen as a risk factor, but the presence of supportive, involved parents may mediate the negative influence of poverty to lessen a youth’s chance of becoming delinquent (Pollard et al., (1999). Personal or individual risk factors Hyperactivity and impulsivity: hyperactivity is a condition first observed in pre-school children often before the age of two associated with restlessness, impulsive behavior and difficulty maintaining concentration commonly referred to as ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Board, Y. J.
Risk factors have been broadly defined as those characteristics, variables, or hazards that, if present for a given individual, make it more likely that this individual, rather than someone selected from the general population, will develop a disorder (Pollard et al.,(1999). Research on risk factors for crime has prompted …show more content…
Protective factors have been viewed both as the absence of risk and something theoretically distinct from it (Pollard et al., (1999). The former view looks at risk and protective factors as opposite ends of a continuum (Pollard et al., (1999). For example, excellent performance in school might be considered a protective factor because it is the opposite of poor performance in school a known risk factor. The second view of protective factors sees them as characteristics or conditions that interact with risk factors to reduce their influence on violent behavior. For example, poverty is often seen as a risk factor, but the presence of supportive, involved parents may mediate the negative influence of poverty to lessen a youth’s chance of becoming delinquent (Pollard et al., (1999). Personal or individual risk factors Hyperactivity and impulsivity: hyperactivity is a condition first observed in pre-school children often before the age of two associated with restlessness, impulsive behavior and difficulty maintaining concentration commonly referred to as ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Board, Y. J.