Patients with low health literacy and chronic illness have extremely complex management needs. When patients cannot understand their instructions or cannot remember directions provided, management of their chronic disease is more difficult for both the patient and the health care provider (Parnell, 2015). Patients are responsible to do their own self-monitoring for signs and symptoms associated with their medical condition. An example of the self-monitoring would be with a client that has atrial fibrillation. The client’s medication is changed from Warfarin, which requires lab monitoring, to one of the new anti-coagulants Xarelto or Pradaxa. The clients will not have the lab monitoring associated with the former treatment, so they will need to
