If one would have to formally make a choice, Kovno would surely be the more superior place to live. One reason would be their relations with the non-Jews and population around them. Unlike Vilna, they were not commonly faced with problems, such as in the Polish rebellions of 1831 and 1863, when the Jewish population suffered from repeated cholera epidemics, and physical violence from their neighbors. Additionally, the shtetl in Vilna had a lot more difficulties, especially focusing on government, consistently having different people rule over them as that area was conquered many times. Furthermore, in Kovno there was a lot of success and useful materials for their synagogues, study halls, and modern hospitals. Institutions grew, and more specifically,
