RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Particle size analysis
The diameters of the curcumin, honey and curcumin+WPI+MH complex measured using Mastersizer were 3.480 µm, 1.349 µm and 20.911 µm respectively. The size of WPI measured with Zetasizer was 250 nm. Quantitative particle size and shape analysis provides information that has either a direct effect or correlation to issues such as bioavailability, solubility, formulation stability, and quality control.
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SEM micrographs of curcumin are shown in Fig. 1. SEM analysis showed that curcumin particles were roughly spherical in shape and bound to each other. In a similar way, SEM was done for WPI and honey. But, due to their solubility’s in water; images could not be captured. …show more content…
None of the combinations at the levels used resulted in the complete inhibition of B. subtilis. However, mixture of curcumin with MH resulted in the complete inhibition of all the tested pathogens except B. subtilis. The combination of curcumin and WPI at the levels used inhibited (100%) only L. monocytogenes and S. aureus but not the other microorganisms. The mixture of MH and WPI was effective (100% inhibition) only against S. pyogenes, S. soneii, and P. vulgaris. However, combination of all the three test material (at MIC 33.3% each) resulted in complete inhibition of S. pyogenes, P. vulgaris, S. soneii and S. typhimurium (Fig. 5). According to this investigation, it can be assumed that the combination of curcumin and MH resulted in additive effect in controlling (inhibition) the growth of the L. monocytogenes and E. coli, whereas the same combination had synergistic effect in preventing the growth of S. pyogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and P. vulgaris. This may be due to the activity of curcumin and MH at different target sites of pathogenic bacteria. Rai et al. (2008) have reported that addition of curcumin results in perturbation of the GTPase activity of FtsZ assembly which is lethal to bacteria and this leads to inhibition of bacterial cell proliferation by impeding the assembly dynamics of FtsZ in the Z-ring. Moreover, MGO present in the MH results in the cell length changes, cell lysis, and alterations to DNA appearance. These changes are likely to reflect the different regulatory circuits of the pathogenic organisms that ultimately lead to bacterial cell
Particle size analysis
The diameters of the curcumin, honey and curcumin+WPI+MH complex measured using Mastersizer were 3.480 µm, 1.349 µm and 20.911 µm respectively. The size of WPI measured with Zetasizer was 250 nm. Quantitative particle size and shape analysis provides information that has either a direct effect or correlation to issues such as bioavailability, solubility, formulation stability, and quality control.
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SEM micrographs of curcumin are shown in Fig. 1. SEM analysis showed that curcumin particles were roughly spherical in shape and bound to each other. In a similar way, SEM was done for WPI and honey. But, due to their solubility’s in water; images could not be captured. …show more content…
None of the combinations at the levels used resulted in the complete inhibition of B. subtilis. However, mixture of curcumin with MH resulted in the complete inhibition of all the tested pathogens except B. subtilis. The combination of curcumin and WPI at the levels used inhibited (100%) only L. monocytogenes and S. aureus but not the other microorganisms. The mixture of MH and WPI was effective (100% inhibition) only against S. pyogenes, S. soneii, and P. vulgaris. However, combination of all the three test material (at MIC 33.3% each) resulted in complete inhibition of S. pyogenes, P. vulgaris, S. soneii and S. typhimurium (Fig. 5). According to this investigation, it can be assumed that the combination of curcumin and MH resulted in additive effect in controlling (inhibition) the growth of the L. monocytogenes and E. coli, whereas the same combination had synergistic effect in preventing the growth of S. pyogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and P. vulgaris. This may be due to the activity of curcumin and MH at different target sites of pathogenic bacteria. Rai et al. (2008) have reported that addition of curcumin results in perturbation of the GTPase activity of FtsZ assembly which is lethal to bacteria and this leads to inhibition of bacterial cell proliferation by impeding the assembly dynamics of FtsZ in the Z-ring. Moreover, MGO present in the MH results in the cell length changes, cell lysis, and alterations to DNA appearance. These changes are likely to reflect the different regulatory circuits of the pathogenic organisms that ultimately lead to bacterial cell