WGU Biochemistry Task 3 A1) There are several differences between the oxygenated and deoxygenated states of hemoglobin. One difference can be seen in the conformational state of the hemoglobin protein. When oxygenated, the protein takes on the T (tense) state; and when deoxygenated, the protein takes on the R (relaxed) state (Hudon-Miller, 2012b). Another difference arises when oxygen binds to the hemoglobin, resulting in a change in the shape of the protein. In the deoxygenated state, the heme group forms a domed shape; and in the oxygenated state, the heme group takes on a planar shape (Hudon-Miller, 2012b).…
Blood is classified as a fluid connective tissue that travels through the cardiovascular system to provide nutrients to the body’s organs and tissues. Blood is composed of two major components: formed elements and plasma. Formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, are suspended in a watery nonliving fluid matrix that travels throughout the body’s arteries and veins. Leukocytes, also known as WBCs, are primarily used in the defense against diseases and infections; while platelets contribute to clotting factors at the site of vessel wall injuries. Erythrocytes, also known as RBCs, are a major component of O2 delivery to the brain.…
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing…
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that is caused by a mutation in the DNA sequences that codes for the beta chain of the hemoglobin protein. Red blood cells are, normally, flexible and round, but with the sickle cell anemia the red blood cells become sticky, rigid, and crescent shaped. The Hemoglobin protein carries oxygen in the red blood cells throughout the body. With the disease, the blood cell’s shape can cause them to get lodged in the blood vessels resulting in the obstruction of blood flow, especially in the smaller arterial vessels in the body This occurrence not only reduces oxygen content to the area of concern, but can be a very painful experience for the victim. People who inherit this disease have two abnormal hemoglobin…
Hemogloblin (Hb) function primarily is to transport oxygen, partial pressure of oxygen is the determining factor of how much O2 binds to hemoglobin. The maximum amount of O2 that can be transported in blood is determined by the amount of Hb available. Refer to figure 1. pH affects the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, a lower pH results is a decreased % of Hb-O2 saturation and higher CO2 concentration which results in an active tissue which required more oxygen. According to The Bohr Effect, a lower pH results in hemoglobin delivering more O2.…
Unlike its related holoprotien, myoglobin, Apomyoglobin lacks a heme group within the molecule. This allows the kinetics of refolding to be unimolecular. (Jennings and Wright 1993) In this study, differences in the refolding of proteins with a history of beta sheet will be compared to proteins with a history of alpha helices. Apomyoglobin will be able to provide both structures; Its native state apomyoglobin is dominated by alpha helices (Tusi et al. 1999) and, like most proteins, the secondary structure of apomyoglobin can be altered from a predominantly alpha helical structure to a predominantly beta sheeted structure through heat treatment. The temperature required for this change in structure to occur is about 90 degrees Celsius.…
Cirrhosis of the liver can be detected by different tests and studies. They can be both invasive and non-invasive procedures. They range from a physical examination to diagnostic test and clinical findings. Diagnostic examinations include blood tests, serum-protein tests, various chemical tests, and ultrasound imaging among other assortments for detection is disease. Measuring the levels of certain chemicals produced by the liver can show how competently your liver is functiong.…
Identify the disease process presented by the case study as well as the normal structure and function of the organ system and/or physiological process that has the alteration. Shawn, the main character of “The Uniformed Coach” scenario has sickle cell disease (SCD) and is suffering from a sickle cell crisis. Sickle cell disease is a form of hemolytic anemia that is inherited; being caused by an abnormal hemoglobin molecule. There are several forms of SCD but the most severe is simply called sickle cell anemia; the dysfunctional hemoglobin molecule, called hemoglobin S (Hb S), assumes an unusual shape when it is subject to deoxygenation or dehydration (McCance & Huether, 2014). In a normal person, all hemoglobin molecules are shaped like…
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is the rare thrombophilic and hematopoietic stem cell disorder with an annual incidence rate of as low as 1-2 cases per million. About 16% of these patients present with visceral vein thrombosis which is the most common cause of mortality. We here present an extremely rare case of a young man presenting with extensive thrombosis of multiple visceral veins from PNH. A 36-year-old Hispanic man with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain of 4 days duration, radiating to the back.…
(10) The mutation happens in the beta globin called Hemoglobin beta globin or HBB gene. (3) When this occur it produces a hemoglobin variant called Hemoglobin S. (3) Hemoglobin A accounts for 95 - 98 % Hemoglobin and it is the most abundant Hemoglobin in our body. (3) The presence of Hemoglobin S makes the red blood cells develop the sickled shape, causing the flow of the blood vessels to cluster together.…
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder of the hemoglobin in our blood. What happens is the red blood cells are abnormally shaped (like a crescent), and they become blocked in the blood vessels, blocking blood flow and oxygen to all the parts of the body. Our blood cells are normally round and flexible which allows for a smooth flow of blood through our bodies, but with sickle cell anemia, this isn’t the case. In this paper we will be looking at a history of sickle cell anemia, who it effects, the symptoms, and how to treat this disorder.…
hemoglobin A. Two copies of the hemoglobin S gene results in the most prevalent type of sickle cell disease, Hemoglobin SS. This type also has the shortest life span. The second type is Hemoglobin SC in which there is one copy of…
Title: What Your Blood Type Says About You Category: (AD) Tags: ketsueki-gata, blood type Teaser: If you’re blood type is A, then you just might be a hothead. Article: If you don’t know your blood type, maybe it’s time you found out.…
Hemoglobin job is to allow red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin causes the red blood cell to become rigid, sticky, and misshapen. The sickle cell gene can be referred to as Autosomal recessive inheritance, because it is passed down through generations in a pattern of inheritance. A child can be affected by sickle cell is the mother and father passes down a defective gene. If only one parent passes the sickle cell gene the child will have the trait; sickle cell trait produces both normal and sickle cell hemoglobin.…
PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to acquire the ABO blood type of four unknown individual’s samples through a series of steps. Blood typing consists of a test in which ultimately determines an individual’s blood form. This procedure is an essential process for those who need blood transfusion or those willing to donate blood. The reason this stage is compulsory is because not all blood is compatible.…