Figure 9: Graph of Estimated Health Risk Index of PTE in Waterleaf Figure 10: Graph of Estimated Health Risk Index of PTE in Pumpkin Figure 11: Graph of Estimated Health Risk Index of PTE in Spinach Figure 12: Graph of Estimated Health Risk Index of PTE in Okro
Figure 13: Graph of Estimated Health Risk Index of PTE of Celosia
4.0 Conclusion
Relatively high levels of PTE (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were observed in the vegetables studied, with the most of the values obtained higher than the recommended tolerable safe limits established by FAO/ WHO. The highest level of As, Cr and Ni were found in Pumpkin leaves, Mn and Cd in Okro leaves, Pb in Spinach, however Zn was found to be high in all the vegetables. The trend of …show more content…
G., Sahabi D.M., Alhassan Y., Bala B. M. (2012). Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptake and Risk Assessment of Vegetables Grown in Yargalma of Northern Nigeria, J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res. 2: 6708-6714.
USEPA, 2007a. EPA Region 3 Risk-based Concentration Table. Available from http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/ rbc/RBCapr07.pdf. USEPA, 2007b. Risk-based Concentration Table, May 2007. Available from http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/ index.htm.
Waqas M, Li G, Khan S, Shamshad I, Reid BJ, Qamar Z, Chao C (2015) Application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potentially toxic elements (PTE) accumulation in Tomato. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4432-8
Vinod J, Satish D, and Sapana G (2012). Risk Assessment of Heavy metal Toxicity through edible vegetables from Industrial Area of Chhattissgarh, Int. Journal of Research in Environ. Sci & Tech 2(4): 124-127
Yang QW, Xu Y, Liu SJ, He JF, Long FY (2011) Concentration and potential health risk of heavy metals in market vegetables in Chongqing, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 74:1664–1669
Zheng, N, Wang Q.C, Zheng D.M. (2007). Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao zinc plant in China via consumption of vegetables. Science of the Total Environment 383:
Figure 13: Graph of Estimated Health Risk Index of PTE of Celosia
4.0 Conclusion
Relatively high levels of PTE (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were observed in the vegetables studied, with the most of the values obtained higher than the recommended tolerable safe limits established by FAO/ WHO. The highest level of As, Cr and Ni were found in Pumpkin leaves, Mn and Cd in Okro leaves, Pb in Spinach, however Zn was found to be high in all the vegetables. The trend of …show more content…
G., Sahabi D.M., Alhassan Y., Bala B. M. (2012). Evaluation of Heavy Metals Uptake and Risk Assessment of Vegetables Grown in Yargalma of Northern Nigeria, J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res. 2: 6708-6714.
USEPA, 2007a. EPA Region 3 Risk-based Concentration Table. Available from http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/ rbc/RBCapr07.pdf. USEPA, 2007b. Risk-based Concentration Table, May 2007. Available from http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/ index.htm.
Waqas M, Li G, Khan S, Shamshad I, Reid BJ, Qamar Z, Chao C (2015) Application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and potentially toxic elements (PTE) accumulation in Tomato. Environ Sci Pollut Res. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4432-8
Vinod J, Satish D, and Sapana G (2012). Risk Assessment of Heavy metal Toxicity through edible vegetables from Industrial Area of Chhattissgarh, Int. Journal of Research in Environ. Sci & Tech 2(4): 124-127
Yang QW, Xu Y, Liu SJ, He JF, Long FY (2011) Concentration and potential health risk of heavy metals in market vegetables in Chongqing, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 74:1664–1669
Zheng, N, Wang Q.C, Zheng D.M. (2007). Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao zinc plant in China via consumption of vegetables. Science of the Total Environment 383: