GMO impact on multi-species (SAM)
A study base research was conducted to determine the persistence and ecological impacts of a cyanobacterium genetically engineered to express mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. The cyanobacterium Anabaena has been genetically engineered to contain Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis that is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents for larvae stages of certain dipterans, also known as fly. To see the ecological impacts, it must be evaluated using multi-species, standardized aquatic microcosms. The microcosms were set up as described in ASTM E1366-02 with certain modification. The treatment group microcosms were inoculated with cyanobacterium Anabaena and key water quality parameters and …show more content…
A research article discusses how vital soil organisms are as an essential element of a monitoring plan to identify the effects of GMO cultivation. The research that had to take place not only aim to determine monocausal effects on individual species, but also the consequences of direct and indirect cause and effect chains on organisms, their ecological communities (aka biocenoses) and their functions. To accomplish this goal, they use the VDI monitoring guideline for soil organisms that is based on three assessment levels: effects and exposure pathways previously identified in laboratory test and experimental investigations, ecosystem services provided by soil organisms, and soil biodiversity. Statistic depict how the changes in land management practices caused by the cultivation of GM crops, which affect soil cultivation, application of organic material and soil coverage, have a significant impact on soil organisms. In the research article, it provided following research findings that are particularly relevant to the design of monitoring programs. The first research finding was conducted by Zurbrugg and Nentwig during the year of 2009 which was founded that Bacillus thuringiensis toxins can persist in soil or in the droppings of different herbivorous soil invertebrates for more than one growing season. Furthermore, biological systems show delayed direct or indirect responses to toxins depending on the generation and the age of the organism. …show more content…
The Pakistan Journal of Science explain the ways that biotechnology is a vital issue that impacts all life and example is the development of genetically modified organisms that is one of the highest achievement of this technology. Genetically modified organisms are being released throughout the environment and deployed with superficial or no risk assessment about its matchless powers to harm life, but in the journal article it reveals the great danger of GMOs. In 1989, it is recorded that dozens of Americans died and several thousands were afflicted and impaired by a genetically alter versions of the food supplement called L-tryptophan. Not long ago, in 1996 Brazil nut genes were inserted into soybeans by a company called Pioneer Hi-Bred. This genetically engineer lead to individuals go into anaphylactic shock that is like a severe bee sting reaction which can caused death just because of an allergic reaction of this new genetically modified nut. Furthermore, animal tests had confirmed the peril and fortunately the product had to be removed from the market before any fatalities occurred. Another event that proves the danger of GMOs is in the year of 1994 when FDA approved Monsanto’s rBGH known as a genetically produced growth hormone for injection into dairy cows. Scientist had even warned the resulting increase of insulin like Growth Factor-1, a potent chemical hormone, that is linked to 400-500% higher risks of human breast,
A study base research was conducted to determine the persistence and ecological impacts of a cyanobacterium genetically engineered to express mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. The cyanobacterium Anabaena has been genetically engineered to contain Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis that is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents for larvae stages of certain dipterans, also known as fly. To see the ecological impacts, it must be evaluated using multi-species, standardized aquatic microcosms. The microcosms were set up as described in ASTM E1366-02 with certain modification. The treatment group microcosms were inoculated with cyanobacterium Anabaena and key water quality parameters and …show more content…
A research article discusses how vital soil organisms are as an essential element of a monitoring plan to identify the effects of GMO cultivation. The research that had to take place not only aim to determine monocausal effects on individual species, but also the consequences of direct and indirect cause and effect chains on organisms, their ecological communities (aka biocenoses) and their functions. To accomplish this goal, they use the VDI monitoring guideline for soil organisms that is based on three assessment levels: effects and exposure pathways previously identified in laboratory test and experimental investigations, ecosystem services provided by soil organisms, and soil biodiversity. Statistic depict how the changes in land management practices caused by the cultivation of GM crops, which affect soil cultivation, application of organic material and soil coverage, have a significant impact on soil organisms. In the research article, it provided following research findings that are particularly relevant to the design of monitoring programs. The first research finding was conducted by Zurbrugg and Nentwig during the year of 2009 which was founded that Bacillus thuringiensis toxins can persist in soil or in the droppings of different herbivorous soil invertebrates for more than one growing season. Furthermore, biological systems show delayed direct or indirect responses to toxins depending on the generation and the age of the organism. …show more content…
The Pakistan Journal of Science explain the ways that biotechnology is a vital issue that impacts all life and example is the development of genetically modified organisms that is one of the highest achievement of this technology. Genetically modified organisms are being released throughout the environment and deployed with superficial or no risk assessment about its matchless powers to harm life, but in the journal article it reveals the great danger of GMOs. In 1989, it is recorded that dozens of Americans died and several thousands were afflicted and impaired by a genetically alter versions of the food supplement called L-tryptophan. Not long ago, in 1996 Brazil nut genes were inserted into soybeans by a company called Pioneer Hi-Bred. This genetically engineer lead to individuals go into anaphylactic shock that is like a severe bee sting reaction which can caused death just because of an allergic reaction of this new genetically modified nut. Furthermore, animal tests had confirmed the peril and fortunately the product had to be removed from the market before any fatalities occurred. Another event that proves the danger of GMOs is in the year of 1994 when FDA approved Monsanto’s rBGH known as a genetically produced growth hormone for injection into dairy cows. Scientist had even warned the resulting increase of insulin like Growth Factor-1, a potent chemical hormone, that is linked to 400-500% higher risks of human breast,