Transformational leaders continuously invest in the development of themselves and others; they instill their employees the need for achievement and encourage them to reach self-actualization (Cossin & Caballero, June 2013). The goal is to 'transform' people and organizations in a literal sense – to change them in mind and heart; enlarge vision, insight, and understanding; clarify purposes; make behavior congruent with beliefs, principles, or values; and bring about changes that are permanent, self-perpetuating, and momentum building (Covey, 1990). Transformational leadership is ineffective without transactional leadership, as it is built upon it, but not vice versa (Bass, Avolio & Goodheim, …show more content…
A laissez-faire leader as an extreme passive leader who is reluctant to influence subordinates' considerable freedom, to the point of handing over his/her responsibility (James & Collins, 2008). In a sense, it indicates absence of leadership. This behavior was in contrast to that of autocratic leaders, who displayed a much greater frequency of order giving, disrupting command, praise and approval and nonconstructive criticism (Bass, 1981).
Laissez-faire Leadership is not ideal in a situation where members lack the experience or knowledge they need to complete the given task and make decisions. This type of leadership style has been linked to negative outcomes such as, frustration or poor job performance, disorganization, low leader effectiveness and less group satisfaction. Some, researchers exclude laissez-faire leadership since it is the least satisfying and the least effective style of leadership since it shows the absence of the qualities present in a