Racial Inequality and Residential Segregation provides evidence of racial inequality in neighborhoods. Furthermore, this particular resource provided information on “new mechanism involving the emergence of middle-class black neighborhoods that can lead segregation in American cities to increase as racial inequality narrows.” (Bayer, Fang, & Mcmillan, N.D) In addition, racial inequality in the workplace “has grown more ambiguous, with interracial interactions often perceived differently by different people.” According to PsycNET, a study was conducted to measure “variables in the perception of discrimination at work, mainly individual color-blind attitudes.”…
Environmental racism has been a problem for many years. Some people have died, some people have went to jail over this and some has gotten very sick. The government has placed hazardous toxics all over the world in minority communities. Environmental racism is something that effects people in different ways everywhere.…
The nation 's inner cities and suburbs appear to be racially segregated because of the policies of Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the past. The HOLC was signed into law on June 13, 1933 by the request of President Roosevelt. HOLC devised an appraisal system that undervalued neighborhoods that were dense, mixed, or aging. In this appraisal system, the green A area, as the first grade, was a new, homogeneous, and suitable to live in; the blue B, as the second grade, was a “still desirable” places that had “reached their peak,” but was expected to remain stable for many years; the yellow B, as third grade, was a place that was described as “definitely declining”; the Red D, as the fourth grade,…
In “The Three Cities Within Toronto” by J. David Hulchanski, the author asserts that incomes in Toronto’s neighbourhoods and suburbs have become increasingly polarized since 1970 and can be understood as three distinct cities: city #1 comprises the relatively stagnant high-income core, city #2 is the shrinking middle income segment, dispersed throughout Toronto, and city #3 is the growing low income segment which surrounds the core. My field work in the Yonge and Wellesley area and beyond supports and builds upon Hulchanski’s findings; there is strong evidence of income polarization between the site in city #1 to city #2 demonstrated primarily through a change in retail form, decreased access to transportation, and the presence of immigrant…
Los Angeles has the reputation of having the worst traffic in the world, and of course, everyone would spend more time tapping brakes on freeways if it was Thanksgiving. The picture of the jammed 405 Freeway depicts the Thanksgiving rush in Los Angeles well, and people make fun by saying that the freeway 405 has the name because “it takes you '4 o' 5' hours to get anywhere.” () Driving on Freeway 405 is infuriating not only because drivers have to drive slowly, but also because when everyone wanted to get back home as soon as possible, some people would change lanes, and lead to car accidents. In addition, since families want everyone to be back home around dinner time, they can get mad at a member who arrives late and claims that he or she could leave from work earlier. Yes, having to drive slowly is annoying, but what really touches people’s nerves is that people act upon their interests without trying to understand each other.…
Detroit, once a symbol of progress in the American economy, has become the failure story of 20th century America. A main factor consisted in racial discrimination towards black people, bringing consequences such as racial division on the society and class inequality. However, racial discrimination did not exclusively brought capitalism towards Black Detroiters lives, but also oligarchy played a role. In the 1940s, Detroit’s economy boomed, becoming the 4th largest industrial job market in the country, attracting not exclusively workers across the country, but the world (Sugrue 19).…
In the article “The Dynamics of Racial Fluidity and Inequality” by Saperstein and Penner (2012), supports on the notion that race is a “flexible” tendency that changes throughout the years and across backgrounds, rather than being a characteristic that is attributed at “birth” and “fixed” (as cited in Grusky & Weisshar, 2014 p.692). In order to better understand how racial classification plays an important role over the life course of an individual this paper will analyze the article of Saperstein and Penner (2012), discuss two major concepts that are affecting social inequality, and point out two strengths/weaknesses that helped or hurt the article. Article The study by Saperstein and Penner (2012) focused on how race is typically treated…
Jacklin Jones Urban Society Book Report Fall ‘15 Black on the Block: The Politics of Race and Class in the City History is always changing and repeating itself. According to the Housing Act of 1954, it changed urban “redevelopment” into urban “renewal” and “conservation”. Therefore, this had shifted the focus to areas that is threatened by diseases and enlarged the constructions of the federal government to support beyond residential (Pattillo, 310).…
Environmental racism is something that affects many people around the world mostly some that live in low income neighborhoods like Blacks, Hispanics, and a few others. The people in specific though are the ones that live in Black Harlem neighborhoods Polk County’s Mulberry. One of the landmarks that went through environmental justice movement was Warren County, North Carolina. Warren County was a very poor county in the state, and had a very high percentage of black residents; Afton, the community chosen for the landfill was over 84 percent black.…
Writing in 1960 for Esquire, James Baldwin described the damage done by New York City’s racial segregation practices, particularly the desolation of the Riverton housing project. The state of housing segregation in Seattle today is a long way from the dire straits of black housing in Baldwin’s Harlem. Particularly striking, though, is Baldwin’s contrasting of the white, wealthy Fifth Avenue downtown and Fifth Avenue in Harlem. To some extent, this juxtaposition should feel familiar to Seattle’s minority communities today, who live in the shadow of an economic boom in which they do not and have not historically shared.…
As Canada is known as one of many wealthiest nations, it has higher equality than other industrialized countries. Canada is truly a multicultural society this exists when people accept, and encourage many cultures to thrive in a society. Nonetheless, the difference in income, wealth, power, and education is inequality which results in poverty and race not only in Canada but in the City of Toronto. A large population of legally and socially poor in Toronto stay in this cycle for a long period of time, this is considering the fact that they are given fewer opportunities than many other wealthy people. In Canada and many western countries, for example Caucasians have discriminated against racialized groups through the practice of slavery or even…
Gentrification has been a big topic throughout the years. Gentrification is when the high and middle class population come into a poor neighborhoods and reclaim them. During this process an abundance of homes are rebuilt and the poorer class are being replace. Gentrification has extremely negative effects on inner city communities that are generally populated by African Americans. These communities suffer from the effects of gentrification for years by losing their homes and businesses to a higher class of people.…
The environment people live in everyday are being populated. People that work in factories are causing population for people in the neighborhood because they want to make money. Environmental racism is something that people are forced to deal with everyday.…
In the article Environmental Justice in the 21st century: Race Still Matters, Robert Bullard explains the poor living conditions and the quality of the environment where minorities are located. Bullard touches on the main ideas of clean air, exploitation of land, environment, and people, and global dumping grounds. Minorities that live in urban areas are at higher risk of asthma because the air is not clean. Bullard states that the “poor people and people of color often work in the most dangerous jobs, live in the most polluted neighborhoods, and their children are exposed to all kinds of environmental toxins on the playground and in their homes” (156). Therefore, blacks are more likely to be affected.…
In her article, “The Minority-Race Planner in the Quest for a Just City”, June Manning Thomas (2016) sheds light on the ongoing battle for social equity, with a major focus on the U.S context, and its links with developing a just city and the role of professional planners from racial groups in a transition to this ideal city realm. In her opinion, Race still remains a predominant force in the U.S social context and public behavior starts to deviate from its norms when it comes to minority groups in the society. Wilson (2003) argues that “centuries of different treatment, by individuals and by institutions, have left a lasting mark on the urban landscape, with far different circumstances for people perceived to be of minority race or ethnicity…