The nation 's inner cities and suburbs appear to be racially segregated because of the policies of Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the past. The HOLC was signed into law on June 13, 1933 by the request of President Roosevelt. HOLC devised an appraisal system that undervalued neighborhoods that were dense, mixed, or aging. In this appraisal system, the green A area, as the first grade, was a new, homogeneous, and suitable to live in; the blue B, as the second grade, was a “still desirable” places that had “reached their peak,” but was expected to remain stable for many years; the yellow B, as third grade, was a place that was described as “definitely declining”; the Red D, as the fourth grade,
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The appraisal system of FHA allowed personal and agency bias in favor of all-white sub-divisions in the suburbs to affect the kinds of loans it guaranteed, as the article mentioned. Since FHA feared that some places would lose their investment values if the white-black separation was not maintained, most of the FHA appraisers had a bias to the black and advocated to separate the black from the white areas by their policies. For instance, FHA appraisers would give a bad appraisal or not give mortgages to a white neighborhood if some black people live in there. Therefore, white people would prevent the black people invading their white areas as if a story, described in the reading, that “an enterprising white developer built a concrete wall between the white and black areas. The FHA appraisers then took another look and approved mortgages on the white properties.” As a result, the discrimination of FHA appraisers and their policies caused the white-black …show more content…
For instance, more blacks are located in a poor neighborhoods where they obtain less resources from there, such as less resources provided by educational institutions and less infrastructures, whereas more whites are located in wealth neighborhoods where they obtain much resources, such as high education from many educational institutions and sufficient foods provided from markets. Beside the influences from FHA, HOLC, and the housing agents, the author John Yinger believes that the white prejudices and preferences also cause the White-black separation. For instance, whites prefer white neighborhoods because they believe that blacks or Hispanics are inferior. Because of the high white prejudices, the integration is hard to be accomplished. Only the active intervention by the community groups and the local government can achieve integration, as the John Yinger said. The author John Yinger in his article had talked about how the communities and the Supreme Court used different programs to eliminate the segregation and discrimination. In the side of communities, one of the examples of contribution is to make payments to individuals for supporting pro-integrative behavior. For instance,
The appraisal system of FHA allowed personal and agency bias in favor of all-white sub-divisions in the suburbs to affect the kinds of loans it guaranteed, as the article mentioned. Since FHA feared that some places would lose their investment values if the white-black separation was not maintained, most of the FHA appraisers had a bias to the black and advocated to separate the black from the white areas by their policies. For instance, FHA appraisers would give a bad appraisal or not give mortgages to a white neighborhood if some black people live in there. Therefore, white people would prevent the black people invading their white areas as if a story, described in the reading, that “an enterprising white developer built a concrete wall between the white and black areas. The FHA appraisers then took another look and approved mortgages on the white properties.” As a result, the discrimination of FHA appraisers and their policies caused the white-black …show more content…
For instance, more blacks are located in a poor neighborhoods where they obtain less resources from there, such as less resources provided by educational institutions and less infrastructures, whereas more whites are located in wealth neighborhoods where they obtain much resources, such as high education from many educational institutions and sufficient foods provided from markets. Beside the influences from FHA, HOLC, and the housing agents, the author John Yinger believes that the white prejudices and preferences also cause the White-black separation. For instance, whites prefer white neighborhoods because they believe that blacks or Hispanics are inferior. Because of the high white prejudices, the integration is hard to be accomplished. Only the active intervention by the community groups and the local government can achieve integration, as the John Yinger said. The author John Yinger in his article had talked about how the communities and the Supreme Court used different programs to eliminate the segregation and discrimination. In the side of communities, one of the examples of contribution is to make payments to individuals for supporting pro-integrative behavior. For instance,