Berry and Berry (2014) identify these mechanisms as: imitation, normative pressure, learning, competition, and coercion. The simplest explanation of policy innovation is the act of learning, where states learn about other alternatives being practiced by other states (Berry & Berry, 2014). By augmenting their political knowledge, other policy makers are inspired to incorporate some changes into their own state. Exploring polices for inspiration however takes time and effort, forcing policymakers to take short cuts by narrowing their attention to neighboring jurisdictions or choosing to imitate exemplary policies practiced by other states in their jurisdiction (Berry & Berry, 2014). Sometimes, policy innovation and diffusion is the product of states competing against each other. States may enact policy incentives to garner support from their citizens and attract others to their jurisdiction (Berry & Berry, 2014). In response to this threat, other states will compete with these polices by adopting similar or more appealing polices (Berry & Berry, 2014). Conversely, states may feel a normative pressure from fellow neighboring states or even nationally to follow suit and adopt specific policies (Berry & Berry, 2014). Or in cases such as the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, states are federally mandated or coerced to adopt and follow policies (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.). Such mechanisms can be diffused regionally, reliant on proximity they may be diffused through states sharing similar characteristics or make
Berry and Berry (2014) identify these mechanisms as: imitation, normative pressure, learning, competition, and coercion. The simplest explanation of policy innovation is the act of learning, where states learn about other alternatives being practiced by other states (Berry & Berry, 2014). By augmenting their political knowledge, other policy makers are inspired to incorporate some changes into their own state. Exploring polices for inspiration however takes time and effort, forcing policymakers to take short cuts by narrowing their attention to neighboring jurisdictions or choosing to imitate exemplary policies practiced by other states in their jurisdiction (Berry & Berry, 2014). Sometimes, policy innovation and diffusion is the product of states competing against each other. States may enact policy incentives to garner support from their citizens and attract others to their jurisdiction (Berry & Berry, 2014). In response to this threat, other states will compete with these polices by adopting similar or more appealing polices (Berry & Berry, 2014). Conversely, states may feel a normative pressure from fellow neighboring states or even nationally to follow suit and adopt specific policies (Berry & Berry, 2014). Or in cases such as the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, states are federally mandated or coerced to adopt and follow policies (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.). Such mechanisms can be diffused regionally, reliant on proximity they may be diffused through states sharing similar characteristics or make