David Hume Skepticism Analysis

Improved Essays
In the philosophical skepticism according to philosophers such as Plato, Rene Descartes, and David Hume they differentiate in their different skepticisms. Skepticism is doubting one-self knowledge while also trying to justify their own beliefs and reasons. Based on “The Apology: Defense of Socrates”, Socrates makes is at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods and inventing new forms of his own beliefs and questioning everyone to find the truth. As for Rene Descartes based on his “Meditations on First Philosophy” he has the belief of questioning his doubt and has come to the point where he decided to drop all previous childhood knowledge and in order to believe something he must have firm foundations for it to be indubitably …show more content…
In Plato’s view it could be inferred that he is a skeptic of ones own knowledge. As in “The Apology” Socrates is portrayed as a wise man questioning everything and implying he knows that he doesn't know everything, Plato portrays such paradox of being wise of knowing that he does not know nothing. In Descartes view he notes to doubt any particular bit of apparent sensory knowledge. The aspects of the senses in regard to any particular judgement about the external world may turn out to be wrong. So it seems that Descartes doubts and desires come from an understanding of lacking something, and considers himself imperfect as to god. While he can doubt the existence of other things, he cannot doubt the existence of god, since he has more visible perceptions of god than to his own doubts and desires, which makes the idea of god more true than anything else. And as for Hume’s view , his claim is that we know of the existence of bodies through our senses, by sight and feeling. Hume also infers that our beliefs in the continued and distinct existence of bodies might be one of the three components senses, reason, and imagination. Hume begins to question whether the senses are the causes of these beliefs and if their continued existence is concerned and beliefs are …show more content…
In accordance to Plato there is really not much exact facts to imply with god in the text. But As in “The Apology” The Delphic Oracle could be his inference to God, when Socrates goes around questioning people to find out who is the wisest person, it was due to the fact that Socrates wanted to test the saying of god, when they told him he is the most wise. As for Descartes he is certain that if god exist he can doubt anything else but god. In (Pg.166) , Descartes recalls God as a great powerful being in which he cannot doubt his existence.As long as god exist he could question everything else but him. Although Hume suggests that world operates on cause and effect and therefore the first cause is god in which everything goes on about. In all summation it is plausible and understandable in the way Plato,Descartes, and Hume have different attitudes and methods toward skepticism. Many factors dealing from reasons, cause,effect,god and much more can influence a way a philosopher is skeptical towards many intimate topics dealing with our mind thinking. Almost all philosophical skepticism is about doubting everything but only to justify contradictions towards everything we

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Cleanthes Vs Demea Essay

    • 1163 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In Hume’s writing, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, he writes about an imaginary conversation between three people Demea, Cleanthes, and Philo. Demea is very orthodox and believes in God but is skeptical about investigations. He believes that God is a perfect being but other than that, humans know nothing else; to imagine anything else is heresy. Demas thinks that with limited human knowledge, one can only make weak arguments about God and these arguments may lead to false ideas and even skepticism.…

    • 1163 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    What steps does Descartes take to prove his existence and that God exists? (one of the proofs). Discuss whether his reasoning is sound and convincing. In this essay, I will discuss how after the first and second meditation, Descartes knows that he exists and that he is a thinking thing.…

    • 1006 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In Descartes’ second meditation, he offers up an argument for Defective Nature Doubt that brings forth the idea that we can’t be certain of anything we perceive being actual and real (153). Descartes thinks that there is a possibility that we are constantly being deceived due to the fact that we don’t know, with perfect certainty, where our ideas originate from (154). He tries to describe a method in order to dispel this Defective Nature Doubt by giving an argument for the existence of God. I think that the argument he gives for the existence of God is valid, yet I find it to be unsound due to the fact that a few of his premises are can easily be doubted. In order to express this opinion, I will first provide explanations of the premises and…

    • 1259 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the passage from Descartes’ Meditation, the conclusion is that Descartes now has reason to doubt all of his beliefs including those of his senses. The premises seem to be: (1) If an omnibenevolent god wouldn’t deceive us then there must be an evil demon doing so. (2) If an evil demon is our source of deception then one cannot know true beliefs. In the passage from Sweetman’s “The Pseudo-Problem of Skepticism” the conclusion is that we should not take the problem of skepticism seriously because we have no reasons to do so. The premises seem to be: (1) We know that it is not possible to be a brain in a vat.…

    • 436 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In the book, Hume states that if a man had different shades of blue set in front of his eyes with one shade missing, it would be capable for the person to conceive the last shade of blue without ever experiencing it. Hume displaces this rebuttal because he believes it is insignificant and the only one that can argue against his claim. What comes to mind for me in for a counterargument to this claim is the thought of an inner voice and the thought of the self which I believe is innate in everyone. When I speaking of an inner voice I’m not just talking about anyone but for someone who is deaf. When someone is deaf they have no impression to recall from for an inner voice.…

    • 1100 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the finality of Descartes' first meditation, the meditator is already facing supreme doubt of all formerly inherited and empirical knowledge and builds an approach towards creating a foundation of doubt on all previous beliefs. Believing to have called all of their beliefs into question, the meditator still demands reason to doubt arithmetic and geometric knowledge – a knowledge that to them feels most intuitive; a “perfect knowledge”. To this, the meditator raises a hypothesis that applies their belief in god: The meditator's detailed argument is as follows: P1. I firmly believe that there is an all-powerful god who created me. P2.…

    • 682 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Hume’s Argument for the Belief in Uniformity of Nature Hume begins section seven of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding by expanding on his definitions he introduced in previous sections. In this section, on the idea of necessary connection,…

    • 403 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this paper, I will defend David Hume’s arguments for the design argument, which states that the design argument fails. Hume’s objections to the design argument are first, that we cannot compare human artifacts to the universe because these are too different; second, that we have not witnessed the design of a universe; and third, that we cannot conclude that God is the only one. He criticizes the design argument by pointing out that the analogy is based only on limited experience, making it impossible to obtain knowledge of God. I will examine if Hume’s argument that the design argument fails is correct by evaluating the analogy in the design argument. William Paley, a leading philosopher, presented the design argument for the existence of God in his most important work, “Natural Theology”.…

    • 671 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    David Hume was a well known Scottish philosopher who lived in the period of 1711-1776 and was greatly recognized for his empiricism and skepticism. He held a strong belief that the idea of knowledge is something practical, straightforward and clear, which essentially led to the formation of his famous “Copy Principle.” In his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Hume expands on the concepts of experience and senses as means of providing knowledge. Before analyzing the degree of validity of the “Copy Principle,” it is crucial to understand the underlying concept of the argument. Hume essentially believes that all our ideas and concepts ultimately come from experience that we have acquired throughout our lifetime.…

    • 1909 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Descartes’ dreaming argument questions how we ever truly know whether what we are experiencing is while we are awake, or if we are dreaming. When we dream, we feel and act as though we are awake and living out our lives. Are we? Could it be possible we are always dreaming?…

    • 1047 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Before bringing Hume into the picture, it is important to first examine how scientific findings like Zaki et al. ’s rely on faith: Zaki et al. must believe the findings from previous papers regarding the functions of the neural regions, namely orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, to assess their data and to come up with their explanation. Upon closer evaluation, it becomes evident that Zaki et al.’s conclusions rely on testimonies reported by others, which is coincidentally a topic vividly explored by Hume.…

    • 1500 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this essay the ideas of skepticism given by Rene´ Descartes and Al-ghazali will be examined in the light of philosophical views. It will be examined that how the ideas of both philosophers were similar and ran parallel to each other in order to establish the epistemology of truth. It will be argued that the thoughts and solution presented by both was different in terms of religious theology as the thoughts of Descartes revolved around the idea of secularism and natural science while that of Ghazali remained in the bounds of Islam and mystic thoughts. The main idea of skepticism states that there is no belief without pure justification.…

    • 1477 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    He does not trust his senses as they can sometimes deceive us and as he says himself, “it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once” As a result, Descartes deduced that a correct pursuit of truth should doubt every belief about reality. Descartes developed a method to attain truths according to which nothing that cannot be recognised by the intellect can be classified as knowledge. These truths are gained without any sensory experience, according to Descartes. Truths that are attained by reason are to be broken down into elements which intuition can grasp, which, through a purely deductive process, will result in clear truths about reality.…

    • 1549 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Throughout history, philosophers have been known to use skepticism as a method to justify their theories of existence and knowledge. Such philosophers like Descartes who wrote in his meditations that by doubting everything one is able to establish a foundation based upon certainty. However, others philosophers like G.E Moore and Barry Stroud reject Descartes and continue on to explain their foundations and ideas on the connection between knowledge and existence. Certainty and The Problem of the External World are both works that focus on the notion of how knowledge does not need to be justified through skepticism in order to be proven certain.…

    • 771 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Sheyla Vera Phil 106 Fall 2015 Descartes vs Hume Even though all philosophers claim to have different set of ideas and theories they all basically begin questioning the same thing. From one’s existence, gods existence, and the existence of the soul apart from the body. They all, in some way or another, have argued whether or not another philosopher’s theories are valid or not. When this happens we, as the readers, see the flaws that the previous theory had and then the possible flaws another philosopher might make when argue on the validity of a theory. Hume and Descartes are two philosophers who have argued on how we have come to know what we claim is truth in reference to knowledge, amongst other ideas pertaining to the mind.…

    • 1195 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays