This paper will cover The DSM-5 diagnosis criteria for Major Depressive Disorder its possible causes and treatment options using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Psychodynamic Therapy. It is important to note that the DSM-5 does not address etiology of any disorders, however it does provide diagnoses criteria for treatment and research purposes. Major depressive disorder is under Depressive disorders of the DSM-5 criteria. Depressive disorders in general are a group of disorders marked by unipolar depression with no history of mania and what differs them is the duration, timing or etiology. There are five main areas of functioning that may be affected such as emotional, motivational, behavioral, cognitive and physical symptoms. For example;
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Possible causes of depressive disorders can be stress, certain life events, and Biological causes. According to research, Biological parents of depressed adoptees have higher incidence of severe depression than do biological parents of non-depressed adoptees. However, many other biological factors can be responsible such as abnormality of 5-HTT gene. This gene is responsible for the brain’s production of serotonin transporters. Likewise, neurotransmitters can play an impact as they maintain mood stability and are very highly correlated with depression. Serotonin, norepinephrine, Dopamine and Acetylcholine levels are linked to depression. Another biological factor researchers have found is a link between depression and the endocrine system and hormone release. Abnormally high levels of cortisol and melatonin secretion are correlated with depression. From a psychodynamic perspective Research shows that depression may be triggered by a major loss, and that early losses may increase risk of developing depression later in life. In addition, Studies suggests that people whose childhood needs were improperly met are more likely to become depressed after experiencing a loss. However early losses don’t always lead to depression and other studies do not have a relationship between childhood loss and later …show more content…
Beck’s cognitive therapy is commonly used and requires fewer than twenty sessions and includes four phases. During Phase 1 the goal is to increase activities and elevate mood. Phase 2 refers to Challenging automatic thoughts. The client is asked to focus on recognizing and recording automatic thoughts and to bring a list to sessions. Subsequently, during Phase 3 the therapist assist the client on identifying illogical thinking that creating to automatic thoughts. Lastly, Phase 4 focuses on changing maladaptive attitudes that lead to
Possible causes of depressive disorders can be stress, certain life events, and Biological causes. According to research, Biological parents of depressed adoptees have higher incidence of severe depression than do biological parents of non-depressed adoptees. However, many other biological factors can be responsible such as abnormality of 5-HTT gene. This gene is responsible for the brain’s production of serotonin transporters. Likewise, neurotransmitters can play an impact as they maintain mood stability and are very highly correlated with depression. Serotonin, norepinephrine, Dopamine and Acetylcholine levels are linked to depression. Another biological factor researchers have found is a link between depression and the endocrine system and hormone release. Abnormally high levels of cortisol and melatonin secretion are correlated with depression. From a psychodynamic perspective Research shows that depression may be triggered by a major loss, and that early losses may increase risk of developing depression later in life. In addition, Studies suggests that people whose childhood needs were improperly met are more likely to become depressed after experiencing a loss. However early losses don’t always lead to depression and other studies do not have a relationship between childhood loss and later …show more content…
Beck’s cognitive therapy is commonly used and requires fewer than twenty sessions and includes four phases. During Phase 1 the goal is to increase activities and elevate mood. Phase 2 refers to Challenging automatic thoughts. The client is asked to focus on recognizing and recording automatic thoughts and to bring a list to sessions. Subsequently, during Phase 3 the therapist assist the client on identifying illogical thinking that creating to automatic thoughts. Lastly, Phase 4 focuses on changing maladaptive attitudes that lead to