Compatibility test and Glasshouse trial
In the present study, BA, SA and HL were selected on the basis of their antifungal activity (up to 45% against RS) by dual culture assay and all were able to produce siderophore, protease, indole acetic acid and chitinase (data not shown). Moreover, on the basis of their compatibility against each other, these three microbes used in this study. They showed appropriate growth under compatibility test against each other. Therefore, mixed consortia of BA, SA and HL assessed under greenhouse trial. The co-inoculation of two microbes SA+HL reduced 77.3% of disease index and it followed by BA+SA+HL over infected control (Table 1). Next to this, a significant (P≤0.05) effect of combined application of BA, SA …show more content…
Table 2 showed that combined inoculation of microbes influenced plant growth parameters to some extent. Co-inoculation with two microbes SA+HL reduced maximum root rot index by all three methods (M1, M2 and M3) ranged from 69-76.7%, followed by co-inoculation with two microbes BA+SA (66-70.8%), BA+HL (59-72.7%) and co-inoculation with three microbes BA+SA+HL (60-76.2%). Minimum percent disease index was recorded with RS (68.23%) and fallowed by individual microbes (Table 2). Maximum root length, plant height, plant biomass, number of fruits and fruits biomass were recorded in the co-inoculation of two microbes SA+HL with application method (M3), which was higher than all other microbial formulations (Table …show more content…
In addition to direct antagonism, an enhancement in plant growth and level of induced resistance has been reported by several antagonists like Trichoderma/Hypocrea and Gliocladium, against many pathogens in several crops (Compant et al. 2009; Harman et al. 2004). In the present study, individual microbes increases the plant growth over infected control under glasshouse. However, a further enhancement of growth parameters was recorded with combined inoculation of BA, SA and HL. The firmicutes (Bacillus and related genera), actinobacteria (Streptomyces related genera) and fungi (Trichoderma/Hypocrea related genera) have been widely studied and reported as effective against a range of fungal pathogens among different crops (Almeida et al. 2007; Boukaew et al. 2010; Harman et al. 2004; Jung et al. 2011; Rajendran and Samiyappan 2008). The results clearly indicates, enhanced bio-control activity by co-inoculation of BA, SA and HL against tomato root rot might be because of synergistic action and multiple mechanisms against the pathogen. Thus co-inoculation always leads to synergistic effect in disease reduction and growth enhancement. The mechanisms by which BA, SA and HL influenced plant growth were investigated by recording
In the present study, BA, SA and HL were selected on the basis of their antifungal activity (up to 45% against RS) by dual culture assay and all were able to produce siderophore, protease, indole acetic acid and chitinase (data not shown). Moreover, on the basis of their compatibility against each other, these three microbes used in this study. They showed appropriate growth under compatibility test against each other. Therefore, mixed consortia of BA, SA and HL assessed under greenhouse trial. The co-inoculation of two microbes SA+HL reduced 77.3% of disease index and it followed by BA+SA+HL over infected control (Table 1). Next to this, a significant (P≤0.05) effect of combined application of BA, SA …show more content…
Table 2 showed that combined inoculation of microbes influenced plant growth parameters to some extent. Co-inoculation with two microbes SA+HL reduced maximum root rot index by all three methods (M1, M2 and M3) ranged from 69-76.7%, followed by co-inoculation with two microbes BA+SA (66-70.8%), BA+HL (59-72.7%) and co-inoculation with three microbes BA+SA+HL (60-76.2%). Minimum percent disease index was recorded with RS (68.23%) and fallowed by individual microbes (Table 2). Maximum root length, plant height, plant biomass, number of fruits and fruits biomass were recorded in the co-inoculation of two microbes SA+HL with application method (M3), which was higher than all other microbial formulations (Table …show more content…
In addition to direct antagonism, an enhancement in plant growth and level of induced resistance has been reported by several antagonists like Trichoderma/Hypocrea and Gliocladium, against many pathogens in several crops (Compant et al. 2009; Harman et al. 2004). In the present study, individual microbes increases the plant growth over infected control under glasshouse. However, a further enhancement of growth parameters was recorded with combined inoculation of BA, SA and HL. The firmicutes (Bacillus and related genera), actinobacteria (Streptomyces related genera) and fungi (Trichoderma/Hypocrea related genera) have been widely studied and reported as effective against a range of fungal pathogens among different crops (Almeida et al. 2007; Boukaew et al. 2010; Harman et al. 2004; Jung et al. 2011; Rajendran and Samiyappan 2008). The results clearly indicates, enhanced bio-control activity by co-inoculation of BA, SA and HL against tomato root rot might be because of synergistic action and multiple mechanisms against the pathogen. Thus co-inoculation always leads to synergistic effect in disease reduction and growth enhancement. The mechanisms by which BA, SA and HL influenced plant growth were investigated by recording