I. What is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)?
A. Examines the client’s thoughts and attitudes, which can affect one’s feelings and behavior
B. Class of treatment that teaches coping strategies for managing with difficult situations/problems
C. Based on the concept that difficult situations/problems can have influence on how person feels and behaves
D. Combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy
(Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer & Fang, 2012; Mind, 2017)
II. Cognitive behavior therapy and adults who stutter
A. About 50% of adults who stutter may suffer from social anxiety disorder
1. This can be due to traumatic past experience or bad relationship among peers
B. 44% of adults looking for stuttering treatment have diagnosis of social …show more content…
Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on stuttering
A. Research by Koc (2010) examines the effects of CBT on stuttering.
1. Looked at individuals aged 19-27 with stuttering disorder who received no stuttering treatments
2. Therapy plan for the research was broken into two stages: cognitive and behavior
i. Cognitive: discover if cognitive restructuring impacts stuttering intervention
a. First, analyze participants’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior associated with stuttering
b. Then teach the participants new, wanted behaviors/thoughts to replace unwanted behaviors/thoughts ii. Behavior: treatment was given to replace stuttering with wanted behavior
a. First, determine type and frequency of stuttering
b. Then teach clients new, wanted behaviors to replace stuttering
3. For all three participants, daily stuttering frequency dropped dramatically after receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (cognitive restructuring followed by the behavioral therapy)
i. 19 years old: average of 820 to 4 ii. 21 years old: average of 930 to 9 iii. 27 years old: average of 1080 to 8
B. Reddy, Sharma, and Shivashankar (2010) looked at the efficacy of CBT for stuttering.
1. Looked at individuals aged 18-30 with stuttering …show more content…
Total of 25 45-minute sessions
3. Treatment focused on: trust building, psychoeducation, deep breathing, relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, and prolongation technique
4. Results: severity of the stuttering was reduced about 60%; client also reported to have a positive attitude towards communication
IV. Speech language pathologists and cognitive behavioral therapy
A. Exposure: ask the clients to face the situation rather than avoiding it, until the level of anxiety decrease
1. Gradually increase the difficulty of the task (less fearful situation to extremely fearful situation)
B. Behavioral experiments: ask the client to produce voluntary stuttering in social situation and ask him to predict the response of the listener. Analyze the response by the listener and form a new prediction for another situation.
1. This activity will help reduce fear of social situations and negative evaluation of others
C. Cognitive restructuring: ask the client to identify negative feelings/thoughts related to stuttering (anxiety, fear, etc.) and change the perspective on those feelings/thoughts
Attentional training: mindfulness based intervention; ask the client to do meditation breathing twice daily for five minutes
A. Examines the client’s thoughts and attitudes, which can affect one’s feelings and behavior
B. Class of treatment that teaches coping strategies for managing with difficult situations/problems
C. Based on the concept that difficult situations/problems can have influence on how person feels and behaves
D. Combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy
(Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer & Fang, 2012; Mind, 2017)
II. Cognitive behavior therapy and adults who stutter
A. About 50% of adults who stutter may suffer from social anxiety disorder
1. This can be due to traumatic past experience or bad relationship among peers
B. 44% of adults looking for stuttering treatment have diagnosis of social …show more content…
Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on stuttering
A. Research by Koc (2010) examines the effects of CBT on stuttering.
1. Looked at individuals aged 19-27 with stuttering disorder who received no stuttering treatments
2. Therapy plan for the research was broken into two stages: cognitive and behavior
i. Cognitive: discover if cognitive restructuring impacts stuttering intervention
a. First, analyze participants’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior associated with stuttering
b. Then teach the participants new, wanted behaviors/thoughts to replace unwanted behaviors/thoughts ii. Behavior: treatment was given to replace stuttering with wanted behavior
a. First, determine type and frequency of stuttering
b. Then teach clients new, wanted behaviors to replace stuttering
3. For all three participants, daily stuttering frequency dropped dramatically after receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (cognitive restructuring followed by the behavioral therapy)
i. 19 years old: average of 820 to 4 ii. 21 years old: average of 930 to 9 iii. 27 years old: average of 1080 to 8
B. Reddy, Sharma, and Shivashankar (2010) looked at the efficacy of CBT for stuttering.
1. Looked at individuals aged 18-30 with stuttering …show more content…
Total of 25 45-minute sessions
3. Treatment focused on: trust building, psychoeducation, deep breathing, relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, and prolongation technique
4. Results: severity of the stuttering was reduced about 60%; client also reported to have a positive attitude towards communication
IV. Speech language pathologists and cognitive behavioral therapy
A. Exposure: ask the clients to face the situation rather than avoiding it, until the level of anxiety decrease
1. Gradually increase the difficulty of the task (less fearful situation to extremely fearful situation)
B. Behavioral experiments: ask the client to produce voluntary stuttering in social situation and ask him to predict the response of the listener. Analyze the response by the listener and form a new prediction for another situation.
1. This activity will help reduce fear of social situations and negative evaluation of others
C. Cognitive restructuring: ask the client to identify negative feelings/thoughts related to stuttering (anxiety, fear, etc.) and change the perspective on those feelings/thoughts
Attentional training: mindfulness based intervention; ask the client to do meditation breathing twice daily for five minutes