To reform means to form again and in the sixteenth century, that is exactly what happened in the Christian church. Though reforming trends began in the fourteenth century, the religious schism of the sixteenth occurred due to problems such as the conflict between monarchy and church, peasant revolts, and an economically corrupt clergy. Political conflict occurred as the church was pressured for reform, while competing with the state for power. At this time, religion was still widely practiced and anyone who opposed the official authority-assigned religion was considered a threat to society. In Germany, Luther called on the princes in his Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation as they were the only ones able to destroy the papacy,
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The peasants’ attitudes became more negative as their economic conditions worsened. In 1523-1524, crop failures occurred and in 1525, Swabian peasants drew up the Twelve Articles, condemning the lords. Originally, Luther, being the unintentional inspiration for their complaints, supported the peasants and criticized the lords. Still, he did not support the rebellion or the use of violence. Beginning in the Swiss frontier, the revolts traveled all the way to Saxony. Referring to Document 5, in Rothenburg, as many as four hundred peasants marched about, ceasing to obey authorities. From Against the Murderous, Thieving Hands of Peasants, Document 3, by Martin Luther, he warned society that “nothing can be more poisonous, harmful, or devilish than a rebel.” Nonetheless, the nobility crushed the revolt, killing over 75,000 peasants. As a result of the German Peasants’ Revolt, lay rulers gained an increase in power and peasant conditions only somewhat …show more content…
In the early sixteenth century, the construction of St. Peter’s Basilica was greatly encouraged by Pope Leo X, but he could not provide the necessary funds. . At this time, Archbishop Albert owed money to a wealthy banking family in Augsburg. In order to reimburse the money due to the Fuggers, Pope Leo X authorized Archbishop Albert to sell indulgences in Germany. Document 1 holds instructions for selling indulgences and how one must ask “for how much money or the temporal goods they would conscientiously go without”. These instructions provide evidence on how John Tetzel, a Dominican friar hired to sell these indulgences, manipulated the people. In regards to Calvinism, the ideals of John Calvin were integrated into the civil government. Named the Geneva’s Consistory, they regulated and punished offenders of small misdemeanors such as family quarrels and criticism of the ministry, as well as serious crimes, which sometimes took on the use of torture to extract confessions from possible suspects. An example of the Consistory’s economic order is used in Document 9, which indicates that when one even uses the Lord’s name in vain, he must pay five sous for the second offense and ten for the third. Other crimes may have required a five percent interest; these laws must have kept the economic wealth of the Consistory
The peasants’ attitudes became more negative as their economic conditions worsened. In 1523-1524, crop failures occurred and in 1525, Swabian peasants drew up the Twelve Articles, condemning the lords. Originally, Luther, being the unintentional inspiration for their complaints, supported the peasants and criticized the lords. Still, he did not support the rebellion or the use of violence. Beginning in the Swiss frontier, the revolts traveled all the way to Saxony. Referring to Document 5, in Rothenburg, as many as four hundred peasants marched about, ceasing to obey authorities. From Against the Murderous, Thieving Hands of Peasants, Document 3, by Martin Luther, he warned society that “nothing can be more poisonous, harmful, or devilish than a rebel.” Nonetheless, the nobility crushed the revolt, killing over 75,000 peasants. As a result of the German Peasants’ Revolt, lay rulers gained an increase in power and peasant conditions only somewhat …show more content…
In the early sixteenth century, the construction of St. Peter’s Basilica was greatly encouraged by Pope Leo X, but he could not provide the necessary funds. . At this time, Archbishop Albert owed money to a wealthy banking family in Augsburg. In order to reimburse the money due to the Fuggers, Pope Leo X authorized Archbishop Albert to sell indulgences in Germany. Document 1 holds instructions for selling indulgences and how one must ask “for how much money or the temporal goods they would conscientiously go without”. These instructions provide evidence on how John Tetzel, a Dominican friar hired to sell these indulgences, manipulated the people. In regards to Calvinism, the ideals of John Calvin were integrated into the civil government. Named the Geneva’s Consistory, they regulated and punished offenders of small misdemeanors such as family quarrels and criticism of the ministry, as well as serious crimes, which sometimes took on the use of torture to extract confessions from possible suspects. An example of the Consistory’s economic order is used in Document 9, which indicates that when one even uses the Lord’s name in vain, he must pay five sous for the second offense and ten for the third. Other crimes may have required a five percent interest; these laws must have kept the economic wealth of the Consistory