Introduction
Bullying is a worldwide phenomenon with Hoel, et al., (2010) positing that almost 5% to 10% bullying activity was recorded among the Europen workforce while Bradbury and Marie …show more content…
In order for the label bullying (or mobbing) to be applied to a particular activity, interaction, or process, it has to occur repeatedly and regularly (e.g., weekly) and over a period of time (e.g., about six months). Bullying is an escalating process in the course of which the person confronted ends up in an inferior position and becomes the target of systematic negative social acts. A conflict cannot be called bullying if the incident is an isolated event or if two parties of approximately equal ‘strength’ are in …show more content…
Hoel, et al., (2010) even added that in some cases, even the witnesses to the bullying cases tend to side with the perpetrator, or even harass the target themselves; especially if they feel like they are also prone to be future bully victim.
Types of workplace bully
Escartin, et al., (2010, p.7) define bullying at work as“harassing, offending, socially excluding someone or negatively affecting someone’s work tasks”. Which also means that bullying did not only means physical harm to the target, yet it could also happen in a subtle way (Giorgi, et al., 2011).Subtle way such as gossiping and rumour spreading is also counted as workplace bullying behaviour (Hauge and Skogstad, 2009).
Bartlett and Bartlett (2011) posited that bullying can be categorized as work related, personal and also threatening or physical.In term of work itself, it can further be separated into three categories which are workload, work process and evaluation and advancement. While indirect and direct bullying behaviour can be affecting the personal well-being of the victim (Hauge and Skogstad,