The preeminent case of 1857, Dred Scott v. Sandford, Dred Scott was a slave that lived in Missouri and later moved to the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin with his master. When they both moved back to Missouri, Scott sued for his freedom claiming he became free when they moved to the northern free states. Chief Justice Roger Taney decided that slaves are not United States citizens and therefore, do not have the right to sue for their freedom. Taney proclaimed that no individual state has the authority to grant …show more content…
Around four million slaves gained freedom and was provided food, housing, medical aid, and legal assistance. In 1867, The Freedmen’s Bureau also established Howard University, an all black school, in Washington D.C.
The Dred Scott v. Sandford case was later overruled in 1868 when the 14th Amendment was ratified. The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to natural born citizens in the United States and their civil rights. The Amendment also corrected the ¾ compromise saying that African Americans were counted towards representation of votes. However, since the freedom of African Americans have upheld legally, there were Southern States deliberately finding loopholes to avoid the desegregation. This later emerged creating the Jim Crow