Dziegielewski and Wolfe used an ABA single subject design in their study. The subject, a 24 year-old Caucasian female who was referred to as Brandy, took a pretest of the Self-Esteem Rating Scale (SERS) developed by Nugent and Thomas (1993) and the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) by Rosen, Srebnik, Saltzberg, and Wendt (1991) before the baseline data was collected. Negative scores on the SERS, which ranged from -120 to +120, meant low self-esteem and the higher the scores on the BIAQ, which ranged from 0-94, meant more avoidance behaviors, which indicated more body image disturbances. After completing these two measures, the baseline period of 20 days began, during which Brandy kept a Daily Body Satisfaction Log. The log was used
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Self-esteem was not defined in this study, however it did use Rosen’s definition of body image, “a person’s mental image and evaluation of his or her physical appearance and the influences of these perceptions and attitudes on behavior” (1995). These variables were measured with the SERS, SUD, VOC, and BIAQ by Dziegielewski and Wolfe in the office at different points in the study. The Daily Body Satisfaction Log was kept by the subject, but the study did not indicate if she took it out with her if she was not at home when she ate or filled in the log upon returning to her …show more content…
This might account for the discrepancy between the slight decreased in satisfaction and all the other findings in this study. The authors also noted that only two sessions of EMDR might be too time-limited to see a huge change in self-esteem and body image and it might be beneficial to increase the number of sessions. Self-esteem was also not defined by the authors so the reader was unable to identify what aspects of this concept this study hoped to improve on other than they believed it was linked to body image. Another weakness that could be found in the article was the writing was not clear enough to allow easy replication and at times it was hard to understand exactly what the intervention was and what had been done. An example of this was a lack of clarification about when the Daily Body Satisfaction Log was filled out if the subject ate outside of her home. If there was time between the meal and the logging of the data, that could affect how she felt. There was just a lack of clear cut procedures that were followed throughout the study, such as how often the Daily Body Satisfaction Log was collected and which of the researchers conducted the EMDR sessions that should have been in this article. Also, the use of only one subject makes it impossible to generalize the study’s findings. The subject had also already undergone EMDR for another
Self-esteem was not defined in this study, however it did use Rosen’s definition of body image, “a person’s mental image and evaluation of his or her physical appearance and the influences of these perceptions and attitudes on behavior” (1995). These variables were measured with the SERS, SUD, VOC, and BIAQ by Dziegielewski and Wolfe in the office at different points in the study. The Daily Body Satisfaction Log was kept by the subject, but the study did not indicate if she took it out with her if she was not at home when she ate or filled in the log upon returning to her …show more content…
This might account for the discrepancy between the slight decreased in satisfaction and all the other findings in this study. The authors also noted that only two sessions of EMDR might be too time-limited to see a huge change in self-esteem and body image and it might be beneficial to increase the number of sessions. Self-esteem was also not defined by the authors so the reader was unable to identify what aspects of this concept this study hoped to improve on other than they believed it was linked to body image. Another weakness that could be found in the article was the writing was not clear enough to allow easy replication and at times it was hard to understand exactly what the intervention was and what had been done. An example of this was a lack of clarification about when the Daily Body Satisfaction Log was filled out if the subject ate outside of her home. If there was time between the meal and the logging of the data, that could affect how she felt. There was just a lack of clear cut procedures that were followed throughout the study, such as how often the Daily Body Satisfaction Log was collected and which of the researchers conducted the EMDR sessions that should have been in this article. Also, the use of only one subject makes it impossible to generalize the study’s findings. The subject had also already undergone EMDR for another