World History Study Guide Famous Names 1

Front 1

Direct Democracy

Back 1

Form of government in which people decide on the laws enacted;established by Ancient Athenians

Hint 1

A Greek born type of government that allows people's opinions

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Representative

Back 2

A democracy practiced by the Roman Republic; Officials represent a group of people

Hint 2

Indirect Democracy

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Voltaire

Back 3

A thinker of enlightenment who has influenced to Bill of Rights;He also fought for tolerance and freedom of speech

Hint 3

He was an inspiration to Thomas Jefferson

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Neoclassical

Back 4

The western movement that developed new art and culture through "classical inspiration"

Hint 4

New Classical

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Baron de Montesquieu

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French Writer who devoted himself to study political liberty. He also named the three branches of government

Hint 5

Created Separation of Powers

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Geocentric Theory

Back 6

Idea that the Earth is the center of the universe

Front 7

Nicolaus Copernicus

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A Polish astronomer who disproved the geocentric Theory and created the heliocentric theory

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Enlightenment

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Movement that changed western civilization by stressing the power of people

Hint 8

Also known as the Age of Reason

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Mary Wollstonecraft

Back 9

Famous Female writer who argued that the education of women is as important as men

Hint 9

Wrote "A Vindication of the rights of Woman"

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Francis Bacon

Back 10

English Writer who criticizes medieval scholars who had old world superstitions;urged for conclusion on theories

Hint 10

Used logic similar to Rene

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Scientific Revolution

Back 11

The development of new ways of thinking and the new insight of political,religious,and educational beliefs

Hint 11

Main topic and advancement

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Leviathan

Back 12

Thomas Hobbes used to express his view of an absolute Monarchy

Hint 12

Sea Dragon

Front 13

Galileo Galilei

Back 13

Italian Scientist who learned of Dutch lens making and used a telescope to study astronomy

Hint 13

Wrote "Starry Messenger"

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Eratosthenes

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Known for measuring the Earth's Circumference

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Rene Descartes

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French Philosopher and mathematician who created geometry

Hint 15

Relied on logic like Francis Bacon

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Zacharias Janssen

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Inventor of the first microscope

Hint 16

First telescope name starts with last letter in the alphabet

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Anton van Leeuwenhock

Back 17

Known as father of microbiology and was the first to examine bacteria

Hint 17

His name has the same number of syllables to microbiology

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Andreas Vesalius

Back 18

Physician who dissected a human body and published his observations

Hint 18

Made the book "On the structure of the Human body"

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Heliocentric Theory

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Theory that the sun was the center of the universe

Front 20

Empiricism

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Experimental Method used to conclude old theories

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Ptolemy

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Greek philosopher who expanded on the geocentric Theory

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Inquisition

Back 22

Government system within Catholic Church with the job to combat religious decent

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

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Philosopher who created a social contract to benefit political authority

Hint 23

Stressed individual freedom of thought and expression

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Claudius Galenenus

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Greek physician who studied the anatomy of animals but not humans

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Isaac Newton

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Studied math and physics and concluded that all physical objects were affected equally by the same forces

Hint 25

Published "3 laws of motion" and came up with the "Law of universal motion"

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Edward Jenner

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Created a vaccine to prevent smallpox

Front 27

Evangelista Torricelli

Back 27

1st mercury barometer

Hint 27

Last name rhymes with mercury

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Robert Boyle

Back 28

Founder of modern chemistry.He also challenged Aristotle's idea about the four items and said everything was made of smaller particles

Hint 28

Has his own law that explains volume,temperature,and pressure of gas

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Philosophes

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French for philosopher

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Frederick the Great

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King of Prussia who granted many religious freedoms,reduced censorship, and improved education.

Hint 30

Frederick the 2nd

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Joseph the Great

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Son and successor of Maria Theresa.introduced legal reforms and freedom of press.

Hint 31

He ruled Austria for 10 years from 1780-1790

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Catherine the Great

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Exchanged many letters with Voltaire. Ruled with absolute authority but looked to reform Russia

Hint 32

Most admired by philosophers