World History People Final Study Guide

Front 1

Frederick Barbarossa

Back 1

Holy Roman Emperor (the first) who was called “Red Beard”; dreamed of building an empire from the Baltic to the Adiatic

Front 2

John Locke

Back 2

said that people have natural rights that the government should protect

Front 3

Montesquieu

Back 3

separation of powers, three branches, checks and balances

Front 4

Rousseau

Back 4

wrote The Social Contract, believed government should be limited

Front 5

Cortes

Back 5

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs

Front 6

Pizarro

Back 6

conquered the Inca empire

Front 7

Vasco da Gama

Back 7

Portuguese explorer who led ships around the Cape of Good Hope

Front 8

Copernicus

Back 8

Polish scholar who proposed the heliocentric theory

Front 9

Galileo

Back 9

assembled an astronomical telescope; put on trial during the Inquisition and labeled a heretic

Front 10

Isaac Newton

Back 10

discovered the force of gravity

Front 11

Henry VIII

Back 11

made the break from the Catholic church in England; had six wives!

Front 12

Ignatius of Loyola

Back 12

Spanish knight who started the Jesuits

Front 13

Martin Luther

Back 13

monk who wrote the 95 Theses protesting actions of the Church

Front 14

John Calvin

Back 14

Protestant reformer who established a theocracy in Geneva

Front 15

Erasmus

Back 15

Dutch priest and humanist; helped spread humanism to a wider public

Front 16

Johann Gutenberg

Back 16

inventor of the printing press

Front 17

Leonardo

Back 17

painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper; successful at a variety of subjects

Front 18

Michelangelo

Back 18

sculptor and painter known as a melancholy genius; painted the Sistene Chapel in Rome

Front 19

Machiavelli

Back 19

wrote The Prince; stressed that the end justifies the means

Front 20

Suleiman

Back 20

sultan who ruled during the golden age of the Ottoman Empire

Front 21

Akbar

Back 21

chief builder of the Mughal Empire; Babur’s grandson

Front 22

Ibn Rushd

Back 22

put all knowledge except the Quran to the test of reason

Front 23

Ibn Khaldun

Back 23

set standards for the scientific study of history

Front 24

Muhammad

Back 24

“The Prophet”; founder of Islam

Front 25

Dante Alighieri

Back 25

Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy in the early 1300s

Front 26

William the Conqueror

Back 26

became king of England on Christmas Day 1066; triumphed over Harold at the Battle of Hastings; originally “of Normandy”