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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common law |
a legal system based on custom and court rulings
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epidemic |
outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease
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habeas corpus |
principle that a person cannot be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
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illumination |
the artistic decoration of books and manuscripts
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Inquisition |
a Church court set up to try people accused of heresy
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lay investure |
appointment of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy
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schism |
permanent division in a church
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shcolasticism |
in medieval Europe, the school of thought that used logic and reason to support Christian belief
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vernacular |
everyday language of ordinary people
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mosque |
Muslim house of worship |
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caliph |
successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims |
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calligraphy |
the art of producing beautiful handwriting |
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janizary |
elite force of the Ottoman army |
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shah |
king |
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Quran |
the holy book of Islam |
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rajah |
in ancient India, the elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe |
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jihad |
in Islam, an effort in God's service |
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minaret |
slender tower of a mosque, from which Muslims are called to prayer |
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sultan |
Muslim ruler |
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Sharia |
body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life |
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patron |
a person who provides financial support for the arts |
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humanism |
an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics |
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utopian |
idealistic or visionary, usually used to describe a perfect society |
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indulgence |
in the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins committed during a person's lifetime |
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predestination |
Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation |
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compromise |
an agreement in which each side makes concessions; an acceptable middle ground |
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ghetto |
separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live |
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heliocentric |
based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe |
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hypothesis |
an unproved theory accepted for the purposes of explaining certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation |
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cartographer |
mapmaker |
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circumnavigate |
to travel completely around the world |
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plantation |
large estate run by an owner or overseer and worked by laborers who live there |
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outpost |
a distant military station or a remote settlement |
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sepoy |
Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies |
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monopoly |
complete control of a product or business by one person or group |
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immunity |
natural protection, resistance |
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revenue |
money taken in through taxes |
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privateer |
privately owned ship commissioned by a government to attack and capture enemy ships, especially merchant's ships |
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inflation |
economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available |
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encomienda |
right the Spanish government granted to its American colonists to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans |
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mutiny |
revolt, especially of soldiers or sailors against their officers |
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natural rights |
rights that belong to all humans from birth, such as life, liberty, and property |
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laissez faire |
policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference |
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rococo |
personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during the mid-1700s that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers |
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baroque |
ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s |
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federal republic |
government in which power is divided between the national, or federal, government and the states |
