Us History 2 Final Exam

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Capitalism

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an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

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Communism

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a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs

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Socialism

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a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

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Fascism

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an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

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Totalitarianism

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The term is applied both to fascist governments (see fascism) and to many forms of communism.

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Tyranny

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cruel and oppressive government or rule.

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Roaring 20's

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was a time when many people defied Prohibition, indulged in new styles of dancing and dressing, and rejected many traditional moral standards.

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Jazz Age

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was a feature of the 1920s (ending with The Great Depression) when jazz music and dance became popular. This occurred particularly in the United States, but also in Britain, France and elsewhere.

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Great Depression

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a long and severe recession in an economy or market. The financial and industrial slump of 1929 and subsequent years.

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Dust Bowl

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an area of land where vegetation has been lost and soil reduced to dust and eroded, especially as a consequence of drought or unsuitable farming practice.an area of Oklahoma, Kansas, and northern Texas affected by severe soil erosion (caused by windstorms) in the early 1930s, which obliged many people to move.

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New Deal

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a series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938, and a few that came later. They included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term (1933–37) of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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WWII

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A war fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers — Germany, Italy, and Japan — and the Allies, including France and Britain, and later the Soviet Union and the United States.

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1950's

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McCarthyism

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the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, especially of pro-Communist activity, in many instances unsupported by proof or based on slight, doubtful, or irrelevant evidence.

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Cold War

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a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.the state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990.

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Civil Rights

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the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality. Martin Luther King Jr.

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Herbert Hoover

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31st President of the United States; in 1929 the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed and Hoover was defeated for reelection by Franklin Roosevelt (1874-1964)

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FDR

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32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945)

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Harry Truman

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the nation in the final months of World War II and made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Truman enthusiastically supported the United Nations and put forward the Marshall Plan to aid the recovery of Europe after the war. He sent American troops to support the United Nations in the Korean War, and, in a controversial move, removed General Douglas MacArthur from his command in Korea.

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Dwight D Eisenhower

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supreme commander in Europe of the forces of the Allies during World War II, he directed the invasion of Normandy on D-Day and led in the overthrow of the Nazi government of Germany. Negotiated the end of the Korean War

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Al Capone

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United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947)

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Duke Ellington

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U.S. jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and conductor.

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Prohibition

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the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, especially in the US between 1920 and 1933.

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Bolshevism

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1 : the doctrine or program of the Bolsheviks advocating violent overthrow of capitalism 2 : Russian communism

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Red Scare

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is the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism, used by anti-leftist proponents. In the United States, the First Red Scare was about worker (socialist) revolution and political radicalism.

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Speakeasies

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an illicit liquor store or nightclub

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Propaganda

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information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

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The Manhattan Project

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was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada.

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Iron Curtain

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the notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war.

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Nuclear Deterrence

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theory holds that nuclear weapons are intended to deter other states from attacking with their nuclear weapons, through the promise of retaliation and possibly mutually assured destruction (MAD).

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Consumerism

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the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.

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Montgomery Bus Boycotts

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Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.

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Freedom Riders

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a person who challenged racial laws in the American South in the 1960s, originally by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race.

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NAACP

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and now called simply NAACP is the oldest and largest Civil Rights organization in the United States.

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ACLU

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American Civil Liberties Union, an organization founded in 1920 to defend the civil rights of all U.S. citizens.

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Containment

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aimed at stopping the spread of Communism and keeping it 'contained' and isolated within its current borders, otherwise the 'domino effect' would occur, where if one nation became Communist, the surrounding ones would follow.