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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
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causes of WW ll in Europe |
Totalitarianism- Axis nations were dictatorships which intended to destroy democracy
Militarism- Axis invest time and money on new weapons, battle techniques, huge military organization and psychological propaganda Nationalism- Beliefs among the Axis nations - destiny and superiority 1. Japanese Shinto teachings 2. Italian dreams of reviving Roman Empire 3. German “master race” doctrine Imperialism- Axis nations wanted more land and resources 1. Japan expanded into Manchuria 2. Italy expanded into Africa 3. Germany annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia Failure of appeasement- Britain and France made concessions to dictators with a hope that dictators would be satisfied Lack of collective security 1. Failure of League of Nations 2. Failure to challenge dictatorships early 3. Failure of Kellogg- Briand pact |
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Fascism - Adolf Hitler |
Fascism - A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
Adolf Hitler - Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocaust. |
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Appeasment |
giving in to aggressive demands in order to maintain peace. Winston Churchill opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through WWII. After the Nazi-soviet pact with the USSR ensured Hitler that he would not be fighting a two front war, he invaded Poland. The Policy of Appeasement ended here. Britain had made a military alliance and defense pact with Poland, meaning they would go to war to defend Poland if necessary. Thus, Chamberlain declared war on Germany.
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Winston Churchill |
Soldier, politician and finally prime minister, Winston Churchill was one of Britain's greatest 20th-century heroes. He is particularly remembered for his indomitable spirit while leading Great Britain to victory in World War II. Opposed Hitler from the very start. "The perfect leader for Britain at that time".
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Joseph Stalin |
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition. Famous for his purges; cruel, tyrannical and evil
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Blitzkrieg |
German term meaning "lightning war", used to describe Germany's novel military tactics in World War II, which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and airpower over large areas
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Causes for US entry into WW ll |
Economic ties- extended trade with Great Britain and France
Cultural ties- history, language, customs with Great Britain and France Maintaining national security Preservation of World democracy Pearl Harbor attack- Dec 7, 1941 |
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A global war |
Whereas the major battles during World War I were mainly concentrated in Europe, military action during World War II made it a truly global conflict. It was fought in dozens of countries in both Europe, Africa and on the Atlantic sea
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Minorities and women at war |
Minorities enlisted in unusually large numbers because the services offered training and opportunities unavailable in civilian life. Despite this prejudice remained high. The army was segregated and generally assigned black soldiers to noncombat roles. Women served as nurses. The war department made the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) but only with inferior status and pay. |
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The holocaust |
The systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior by the Nazis
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Interventionists |
Idea that powerful countries should get involved in other countries' political and economic affairs even if the other countries would rather they wouldn't
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Isolationists |
A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs. Americans were extremely isolationist in the period leading up to WWII
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Attack on pearl harbor |
An attack by the Japanese Aircraft to America on December 7, 1941. Pearl Harbor occured because:
After being hit by the depression, militants took over JapanOil embargo Wanted China Needed other natural resources which did not follow military policy |
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Japanese-American interment |
Carried out through Executive Order 9066, which took many Japanese families away from their homes and into internment camp. Motivated by racisim and fear of spies
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Dueling documents: "Why do you want to win this war? Justifying Interment" |
In June 1943, Lieutenant General John L. Dewitt submitted a report on the evacuation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast, justifying his actions. Mary Suzuki Ichino grew up in Los Angeles, California and was interned at camp Manzanar, about 230 miles northeast of there. |
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Zoot suit Riots |
Aimed toward Mexican-American teenagers involved in gangs and were know as "zoot-suiters." Animosity towards them produced a four-day riot in Los Angeles, during which white sailors stationed at a base in Long Beach invaded Mexican-American communities and attacked zoot-suiters. The police did little to restrain the sailors, who grabbed Hispanic teenagers, tore off and burned their clothes, cut off their ducktails, and beat them. When Mexicans tried to fight back, the police moved in and arrested them. In the aftermath of the riot, Los Angeles passed a law prohibiting the wearing of zoot suits.
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Post war America - returning soldiers and adjusting back to society |
Men came back from war, and took women's jobs
Divorce rate increased Many defense workers were laid off Many coming back from war were unemployed Prices inflated to 125% Post-war economic boom |
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G.I. Bill |
The G. I. Bill of Rights or Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 provided for college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as GIs or G. I.s) as well as one-year of unemployment compensation. It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.
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G.I. Forum |
A congressionally chartered Hispanic veterans and civil rights organization. its motto is " Education is out freedom and freedom should be everyone's business." established in corpus Christi in 1948 by Dr. Hector P Garcia to address the concerns of Mexican-Americans veterans who were segregated from other veteran groups.
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Potsdam Conference |
The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. |
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New Weapons - atomic bombs |
Scientists in the Manhattan project developed the atomic bomb. Some scientists suggested not using the bomb but instead threatening japan with it. |
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
he first on August 6, 1945 and the second on August 9, 1945. These two events are the only active deployments of nuclear weapons in war to date. For six months, the United States had made use of intense strategic fire-bombing of 67 Japanese cities. US clued for surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945. The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum. By executive order of President Harry S. Truman, the U.S. dropped the nuclear weapon "Little Boy" on the city of Hiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed by the detonation of "Fat Man" over Nagasaki on August 9.
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Cold war |
intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations, short of military conflict; sustained hostile political policies and an atmosphere of strain between opposed countries
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Communism |
A political and economic system where factors of production are collectively owned and directed by the state.
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Containment |
A foreign policy developed by diplomat George Kennan that claimed that the only way to stop Russia's expansionist ways was to contain it. It was the basis of US foreign policy after WWII designed to stop the spread of communism.
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George F. Kennan |
an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as "the father of containment" and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. He later wrote standard histories of the relations between Russia and the Western powers.
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Truman Doctrine |
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.The Truman Doctrine was part of containment. Under the Truman Doctrine the U.S. gave Greece and Turkey $400 million in economic aid to help these nations resist Communism or what President Truman called armed minorities or outside pressures
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Marshall plan |
The Marshall Plan was an economic extension of the Truman Doctrine. George Marshall's European Recovery Program (ERP) offered help wherever it was needed. USA helped rebuild Europe by giving them money. This would increase foreign trade and prevent communism.
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Senator Joseph McCarthy |
McCarthy was an Republic Senator for the state of Wisconsin who made claims that Communist spies were in the U.S Federal Government. McCarthyism is a term referring to Senator Joseph McCarthy and is common saying for reckless and unsubstantiated accusations and public attacks
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HUAC - House on Un-American Activities |
House of Un-American Committee was an investigative committee in the house of reps which is intentions were to uncover citizens with Nazi ties within the U.S but later after WW2 changed to investigate citizens with communist ties.
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Alger Hiss |
A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy (giving classified documents to the Soviets) and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.
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Berlin blockade and airlift |
Stalin prevented resources and supplies from reaching West Berlin, hoping to starve the West Berliners into accepting Soviet leadership. US supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin in 1948
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1948 election |
In this election, the Republicans re-nominated New York governor Thomas E. Dewey. The Democrats nominated Truman for another term. The Southern Democrats refused to support him because he was in favor of civil rights for blacks, so they nominated Governor J. Strom Thurmond from South Carolina, on a States Rights' party ticket. Former Vice President Henry A. Wallace ran as nominee of the new Progressive party. Wallace assailed dollar imperialism and seemed to be pro-Soviet. Because the Democrats were split between three candidates, Dewey seemed sure to win. However, Truman won and the Democrats regained control of Congress. Truman won because of support from farmers, workers, and blacks and because Dewey came across as being arrogant and evasive.
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Truman v. MacArthur |
MacArthur managed to stabilize fighting, called for an expansion of the war including mainland bombing, MacArthur spoke out against US policy, Truman was force to fire him for insubordination,"there is no substitute for victory"
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Results of Korean war |
After troops from communist North Korea, armed with Soviet weapons, invaded democratic South Korea, prompting the United States and the United Nations to send forces to support South Korea and fight to unify the Korean Peninsula into one democratic nation, which in turn prompted China to join the war on North Korea's side; at war's end, the peninsula remained divided into two nations
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Brinkmanship |
the act of pushing a situation to the verge of war in order to threaten and encourage one's opponent to back down.
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Massive retaliation |
a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack
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The Geneva conference |
A conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam.
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Sputnik I |
First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.
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U-2 incident |
The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States.
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Truman's fair deal |
ambitious set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in his January 1949 State of the Union address. His Fair Deal recommended that all Americans have health insurance, that the minimum wage be increased, and that, by law, all Americans be guaranteed equal rights.
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Culture of suburbia |
Emphasis on sameness and not standing out. Traditional family values. Television. |
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Election of 1952 |
In this election, the Democrats nominated Adlai E. Stevenson, governor of Illinois. The Republicans nominated Dwight Eisenhower, with Nixon as his vice president. Eisenhower was very popular because of his grandfatherly, nonpartisan pose, and he left the campaigning to Nixon. Eisenhower won.
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Election of 1956 |
In this election, Eisenhower (Republican) once again ran against Adlai Stevenson (Democrat). During this time of prosperity and peace, there was no reason for people to not re-elect Eisenhower. Eisenhower won again. However, he failed to win for his party either house of Congress.
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Baby boom |
large increase in the birhrate from the late 1940's through the early 1960's
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Working wives after ww II |
Women put back in the kitchen after war.
Birth Control Equal work for equal pay National Organization for women |
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Ike's pragmatism |
Eisenower sought consensus, not confrontation. He increased social security, unemployment insurance, and the minimum wage. |
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Eisenhower Doctrine |
pledges U.S. military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression.
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Daily lives "The new Suburbia" |
planned communities and sameness mentality. Over enthusiastic meddling neighbors
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"Beat" Generation |
a group of American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they wrote about. Central elements of "Beat" culture include a rejection of mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern spirituality
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