Theories Of Personality - Unit 1

Front 1

Define Personality

Back 1

Dynamic Organization, inside the person, of psychological systems that create the person's characteristics patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings.

Front 2

Qualities of Personality

Back 2

1. Has organization
2. has process, dynamic, not dormant
3. Tied to a physical body, but is psychological concept
4. Is a causal force - helps define how one relates to the field - bias filter
5. Personality shows up in patterns
6. Displayed in many ways - behaviors, thoughts, feelings

Front 3

Assumptions of Personality

Back 3

1. Continuous over time
2. Person is origin of behavior
3. You can be captured by a few salient qualities

Front 4

Levels of Personality

Back 4

1. Temperments and Traits
2. Attitudes and Attachments
3. Personal Narrative

Front 5

2 key issues in field of personality

Back 5

1. Individual differences - difference in personality between people
2. Intrapersonal functioning - psychological process that takes place within the person

Front 6

Theory

Back 6

summary statement of principles that pertain to certain class of events

Front 7

Purpose of Theory

Back 7

Explain things that are known and predict possibilities that have yet to be examined

Front 8

A good theory...

Back 8

Based on breadth of information, not based on single kind of information, parsimonious, "feels good" and fits well with intuition, stimulates interest

Front 9

Dispositional Perspective

Back 9

trait, fairly stable qualitis across settings

Front 10

Biological perspective

Back 10

humans are biological creatures with shared genetic dispositions

Front 11

Psychoanalytic perspective

Back 11

internal forces compete and conflict with each other, Freud

Front 12

Neoanalytic perspective

Back 12

ego and development, early experiences and relationships key

Front 13

Learning perspective

Back 13

change constant because of experience, you change environment --> change you

Front 14

Phenomenological perspective

Back 14

humanistic, free will to choose experiences
1. internal subjective experience unique/valuable/meaningful/important
2. people tend toward self perfection and use free will

Front 15

Cognitive self-regulation

Back 15

thinking structure/how you think (rules, patterns) is key

Front 16

Central Limits Theorem

Back 16

can generalize random sample to population if random and representative of population

Front 17

Variable

Back 17

anything that changes, dimension along which variations exist, link in systematic way

Front 18

Independent variable

Back 18

predictor, manipulated by researcher, cause

Front 19

Dependent variable

Back 19

link with level of independent, outcome, observed and measured

Front 20

control variable

Back 20

help constant so doesn't correlate

Front 21

Extraneous variables

Back 21

variable with unwanted effect, trying to control them

Front 22

Quasi-Experimental research

Back 22

correlational with indpendent variable naturally occuring, can't rule out 3rd variable

Front 23

Main effect

Back 23

one independent of another, result is 2 parallel lines with no interaction

Front 24

Strong situation

Back 24

personality washed out, socialization strong

Front 25

Weak situation

Back 25

personality and character comes out, social norms decreased

Front 26

Sources of Information in personality assessment

Back 26

Observer ratings or self-report

Front 27

Reliability

Back 27

how reproducable, consistency across measures

Front 28

Validity

Back 28

measure what you intend to measure

Front 29

Internal consistency

Back 29

consistent items with, average correlation between each pair in set
Chrom-Box Alpha meaures internal consistency (higher to one = more reliable)

Front 30

Inter-rater reliability

Back 30

extent to which judges see the same with with same event, agreement between raters, decrease personal bias

Front 31

Test-retest reliability

Back 31

reproducibility over time

Front 32

Construct validity

Back 32

operational definitions matches concept you set out to measure, define construct in way that is measurable

Front 33

Criterion validity

Back 33

predictibility, external criterion of link conpcet with assessment, how well predicts what supposed to

Front 34

Convergent validity

Back 34

fingings link together con construct, relates to similar characteristics not measure

Front 35

Discriminant validty

Back 35

not measuring things don't intend to measure

Front 36

Face validity

Back 36

Obvious, seems to measure what want to measure

Front 37

Cultural issues

Back 37

1. meaning universal
2. interpetation the same as you meant it to be

Front 38

Response sets

Back 38

Bias, acquiesence, social desirability/social norms influence response

Front 39

metatheories

Back 39

set of orienting assumptions about reality, provide guidelines for what kinds of ideas to use to create theories

Front 40

case-study

Back 40

in depth study of one individual

Front 41

causality

Back 41

relationship such that variation in one direction produces variation in another

Front 42

clinically significant

Back 42

association large enough to have practical importance

Front 43

correlation

Back 43

relationship in whcih 2 varibales covary when measured repeatedly

Front 44

inferential statistics

Back 44

stats used to judge the liklihood that a relationshop exists between variables

Front 45

personology

Back 45

study of the whole person, not just one aspect

Front 46

statistical significance

Back 46

an effect unlikely to have occured by chance

Front 47

acquiescence

Back 47

response set of tending to agree, say 'yes'

Front 48

criterion keying

Back 48

developing of a test by seeing what items distinguish between groups

Front 49

error

Back 49

random influences incorporated in measurements

Front 50

inventory

Back 50

personaluty test measureing several aspects of personality on distinct scales

Front 51

rational approach (to scale development)

Back 51

use of theory ot decide what you want to measure, then deciding how to measure it

Front 52

split-half reliability

Back 52

one way of assessing internal consistency among responses to items of a measure