Essentials Of Psychology Ch. 11: Personality

Front 1

Psychic determinism is most evident in which of the following?

Back 1

Ruth, who had just experienced some nasty road rage, threw away her car keys in the garbage, by mistake, instead of a used tissue.

Front 2

Which of the following is a message that might be sent by the id?

Back 2

"I'm thirsty and I want that drink now!"

Front 3

The role of the ego in intrapsychic conflict is analogous to that of a

Back 3

Mediator who tries to appease both sides in a labor dispute.

Front 4

Norm, Cliff, and Frazier go into a bar. They notice that Coach, the bartender, is nowhere to be seen. Norm says, "I'm thirsty, and I want a drink now!" Cliff looks around and adds, "I don't think we'll get caught if we serve ourselves." "Stop right there!" commands Frazier, "It is wrong to steal!" Whose behavior is most consistent with Freud's notion of the superego?

Back 4

Frazier's.

Front 5

Daphne is unconsciously attracted to her instructor, a feeling she would consider immoral and unacceptable. When she talks with her instructor, she acts rather rude and disrespectful. She has told her friends that she hates the class because she cannot stand the instructor. Daphne is using the defense mechanism known as

Back 5

Reaction formation.

Front 6

Ever since he was a little boy, violence and gore have always fascinated Jack. At the same time, he felt that it was wrong to be interested in such horrible things. As a teenager, he used to draw bloody murder scenes in his notebooks. He knew that the drawings would upset his parents, so he only shared them with his peers. When he became an adult, Jack went into the business of drawing violent action comic books. What defense mechanism did Jack use?

Back 6

Sublimation.

Front 7

Felix lives a highly structured life. He is excessively organized and tidy. His roommate, Oscar, is disorganized and sloppy. Freud would say that both Felix and Oscar have which type of fixation?

Back 7

Phallic.

Front 8

Leonard says to his mother: "When I grow up, I'll marry you and we'll move into my room. Daddy can get another wife and go someplace else." In Freud's theory, Leonard would be behaving normally for a boy in the ________ stage.

Back 8

Phallic.

Front 9

Hector displays a high level of anger and aggression toward both his boss at work and his instructors at school. Freud would most likely say he has which type of fixation?

Back 9

Phallic.

Front 10

Big Bird asks Ernie to describe his roommate, Bert. "In general, he's friendly, fun-loving, and sensitive," says Ernie. Allport would say that Ernie has described which of Bert's traits?

Back 10

Central.

Front 11

Six-year-old Wally is an awkward, accident-prone kid, friendly and outgoing, a so-so athlete, and a coward when it comes to vaccinations. The phrase that describes Wally's secondary trait(s) is

Back 11

'a coward when it comes to vaccinations.'

Front 12

Peter is out with friends. He talks a lot and is very expressive. He often buys drinks for his friends and has no problem talking with strangers. With which of the "big five" personality traits is Peter's behavior most consistent?

Back 12

Extraversion.

Front 13

Which of the following questions would a trait psychologist find the most difficult to answer?

Back 13

Why are some people extraverts and others introverts?

Front 14

"Why am I afraid to allow myself to fall in love?" Joe asked. Dr. Land, a social-cognitive therapist, might have answered,

Back 14

"Because your past experiences have taught you to expect rejection and that is too painful for you."

Front 15

In psychology class, Britt took a test based on Rotter's locus of control theory and scored high as an external. Accordingly, that afternoon, when she failed a French test, she most likely said,

Back 15

"That was really an unfair test."

Front 16

Rosa told a good friend, "I want to teach high school biology and be seen as an active, caring instructor." According to Mischel's person-situation theory, Rosa has described her

Back 16

Subjective values.

Front 17

When Shelley knocked her glass of milk over, her mother said, "Bad girl! Only naughty girls spill their milk!" Rogers would say that Shelley's mother is creating

Back 17

Conditions of worth.

Front 18

Even though she won a million dollars in the lottery, Lucy was not happy. She was envious of the woman who won ten million dollars. Lucy's behavior suggests a(n)

Back 18

Deficiency orientation.

Front 19

The parents of a Japanese child give him a placard to hang on his bedroom wall. The motto on it is most likely to read,

Back 19

"Be a team player."

Front 20

Dr. Escobedo has developed her own personality test. It consists of several ambiguous pictures of rural life. She shows the pictures to clients and asks them to tell her a story about each one. She hopes that the test will uncover some of the unconscious problems of her clients. Which type of test has Dr. Escobedo developed?

Back 20

Projective.

Front 21

Dave is a self-centered guy who expects that his instinctual needs will be satisfied immediately, regardless of the needs of others around him. A Freudian psychologist would therefore say that Dave has a weak

Back 21

Ego.

Front 22

The ________ operates on the pleasure principle, whereas the ________ operates on the reality principle.

Back 22

Id; ego.

Front 23

In Freud's theory, the part of the personality that is formed from the internalization of parental and societal values is the

Back 23

Superego.

Front 24

Whenever the thought of committing an immoral act occurs to him, Errol attributes the unacceptable impulse to his older brother. Errol is using the defense mechanism of

Back 24

Projection.

Front 25

Caroline rationalizes all her mistakes. In other words, she

Back 25

Attempts to find reasonable explanations for them.

Front 26

Which of the following characteristics are associated with an oral fixation?

Back 26

Childish dependence, gossiping, and smoking.

Front 27

Marina is at the age when, according to Freud, girls experience the Electra complex. Accordingly, how is Marina expected to behave with regards to her father?

Back 27

She should harbor sexual feelings for him.

Front 28

Sexual feelings remain dormant as the person focuses on getting along with others of the same gender during the

Back 28

Latency period.

Front 29

Erik Erikson, Harry Stack Sullivan and Erich Fromm all agreed that personality was primarily shaped by the

Back 29

Effort to satisfy one's social needs.

Front 30

Victoria believes that men feel inferior to women because men cannot have children. Victoria's belief is most consistent with the ideas of which neo-Freudian theorist?

Back 30

Horney.

Front 31

Rudy, who is 25 years old, has had many short but unsatisfying relationships with women. His object relations therapist would probably ascribe his lack of social success to a(n)

Back 31

Insecure attachment to his mother.

Front 32

One shortcoming of Freud's theory is that

Back 32

It is based on an unrepresentative sample.

Front 33

Terrance does not follow society's norms and has been known to be cruel to animals. According to this description, Terrance should score high on which of Eyesenk's dimensions of personality?

Back 33

Psychoticism.

Front 34

"Professor Vitoux was acting like a jerk today!" said Tiffany. "Yes, he was," agreed Melissa, "but many students have been coming to class unprepared, and that must be frustrating." "If he keeps acting that way," adds Tiffany, "I doubt if anyone will prepare for his class!" By suggesting that the situation in class results from the interaction of thoughts, behaviors, and the environment, this conversation is most consistent with what Bandura called

Back 34

Reciprocal determinism.

Front 35

According to Rogers, a positive self-concept results from

Back 35

Congruent experiences.

Front 36

Emilio's old TV finally broke down, and he decided he needed a new one. After buying a new TV, he decided he needed to subscribe to a cable service. He then figured that he needed a VCR to take advantage of all the great programming on cable TV. Because Emilio is motivated by unmet needs, Maslow would say that he has

Back 36

A deficiency orientation.

Front 37

Compared to Gilberto, his Brazilian pen-pal, Andrew, an American, is more likely to

Back 37

Associate a sense of well-being with having certain positive attributes.

Front 38

What is the MMPI-2 used for?

Back 38

To diagnose psychological disorders.

Front 39

What is the purpose of the validity scales on the MMPI?

Back 39

To detect lying, exaggeration, and misunderstanding.

Front 40

One reason why Jan chose to use the Rorschach Inkblot Test rather than the MMPI-2 to diagnose and predict the behavior of her new client was that the Rorschach

Back 40

Is better at uncovering threatening information.

Front 41

True / False

Sigmund Freud did not make a significant contribution to contemporary psychology.

Back 41

False.

Front 42

True / False

According to the trait approach to personality, people don't change much.

Back 42

True.

Front 43

True / False

Hans Eysenck believed that personality was organized around five main dimensions.

Back 43

False.

Front 44

True / False

Genes determine personality traits and characteristics, such as conscientiousness and introversion.

Back 44

False.

Front 45

True / False

The social-cognitive approach of personality explains that personality is acquired solely as a result of learning which behaviors fit certain situations.

Back 45

False.

Front 46

The phenomenological approach to personality has been determined to have cross-cultural validity for people of cultures outside North America and the Western world.

Back 46

False.