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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Linguistics |
field of study of human natural language |
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Cognitive science |
study of the structure and functioning of human cognitive processes |
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Lexicon |
knowledge(store) of words and everything attached to their meaning (i.e., pronunciation,meanings, associations, structural limitations, spelling, etc.)
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morphology |
system for combining sounds of a language into meaningful units.
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Morpheme |
smallest meaningful unit in a language.
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Phonetics |
the study of speech sounds.
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Phonetic transcription |
Adetailed writing system for representation of speech sounds.
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IPA |
InternationalPhonetic Alphabet– standardized phonemic transcription system applicable with any language.
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Phoneme |
unitof speech sound
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SPE |
distinctivefeature classification system proposed by Halle & Chomsky
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Epenthesis |
insertionof a sound in the middle of a word (i.e., plural rule in English for wordsending in s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ)
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Phonology |
studyof the structure and systematic patterns of speech sounds.
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Acoustic Stability |
sounds remain relatively stable even with minor shifts in position tongueposition (labial, coronal, high, back regions).
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distinctive features |
A phonetic property that distinguishes phonemes from one another and/or plays a crucial role in the statement of phonological rules (place manner, voicing) EX- plural, third person possessive, third person verb agreement, contracted is, possessive formation |
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Universal Features
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Differing languages allow for different feature combinations to form phonemes convergence of phoneme production among varied languages suggest anatomical |
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Aspiration rule |
plosive (energy releasing) or affricate phonemes occur in the onset position Affricate ex- pot, cot, oppose |
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Maximal onset principle |
onset consonant clusters can contain no more that 3 consonants |
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Feet |
end part of word unary binary ternary |
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Foot |
external organization for syllables that determines stress |
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Syllables |
a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word |
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Vowel sequence condition |
When two vowels are adjacent the first must be tense |
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Word-final vowel condition |
only certain words can occur in the word-final position |
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Fricatives |
f-
v, θ,- th as in thumb ð,-th as in this s z ʃ, sh as in shut ʒ z as in azure |
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Affricatives |
tʃ, ch as in chuckle
dʒ j as in jungle |
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open |
nouns, verb and adjectives |
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Closed |
articles, conjunctions |
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Horizontal construction |
2 words |
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prescriptive vs descriptive |
descriptive= informal Prescriptive = standard rules |
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Free vs Bound morpheme |
Free- morpheme that can stand alone Bound- cannot stand alone, must be attached to another morph |
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Compounding |
combinetwo free morphemes to create new meaning
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Clipping |
alonger word is shortened (auto, sub)
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Initializing |
useof initials in place of entire words or terms( ASAP)
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Morphologically rich vs poor |
Rich= different structures for languages and ways of combining language Poor= set structure of morphemes and how they are used |
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Morphology |
speech sounds into meaningful units |
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Patterns of Prominence |
(stress) Syllablescanvary in emphasis, length, and pitch
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Distinctive vs lexible categories |
Distinctive= place, manner voicing Lexible= nouns, verbs, adj |
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Role in natural classes |
set of phonemes that makes sounds at the ends of words |
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Bilabial nasal |
/m/ -voice labial anterior nasal syllabic sonorant consonantal
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voiceless intersective fricative |
/θ/-anterior coronal continuant consonantal (as in “thumb”)(voicelessinterdental fricative)
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voiceless aveolar stop |
t |
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Coining example |
invent words (geek, dweeb) |
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Initializing example |
ASAP,PC,ER |
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Clipping example |
doc, email, sub, auto |
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compounding example |
blacktop bandaid |
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parts of syllable |
onset= heinitiating part of the syllable, usually a consonant. nucleus=thepart of the syllable that carries the most stress, usually a vowel. coda=thefinal part of a CVC syllable. |
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Final Vowel condition example |
Alpha, fAther, cIty |
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Acoustic stability |
soundsremain relatively stable even with minor shifts in position tongue position(labial, coronal, high, back regions).
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CV |
Consonant vowel Ma, Pa, ba |
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CVC |
Consonant Cat, dog |
