Speech - Exam #1

Front 1

2 parts of conversation

Back 1

focus and verbalize

Front 2

3 general purposes

Back 2

inform, entertain, persuade

Front 3

4 kinds of delivery styles

Back 3

memorized, improv, manuscript, extemporaneous

Front 4

memorized

Back 4

all in head, very difficult

Front 5

improv

Back 5

no research before

Front 6

manuscript

Back 6

reading exactly from script

Front 7

extemporaneous

Back 7

notecard that you glace at occasionally

Front 8

communication apprehension

Back 8

fear

Front 9

3 parts of communication process/model

Back 9

communication as action, interaction, transaction

Front 10

communication as action

Back 10

source to message to receiver through a channel

Front 11

communication as interaction

Back 11

source to message to receiver to message to source

Front 12

noise

Back 12

interrupts message

Front 13

internal noise

Back 13

thoughts, headcold

Front 14

external noise

Back 14

lawn mower, car horn

Front 15

context

Back 15

environment where speech is made

Front 16

feedback

Back 16

what the receiver is doing verbally or non-verbally

Front 17

communication as transaction

Back 17

message travels from source to receiver over and over agains

Front 18

ethics

Back 18

beliefs about what is right or wrong

Front 19

ways to speak ethically

Back 19

sound goals/reasoning, sound evidence/reasoning, share evidence, be sensitive, be honest, avoid plagiarism, acknowlege all sources accurately

Front 20

patchworking

Back 20

patching a speech with excerpts from 2 or more sources

Front 21

incremental plagiarism

Back 21

taking little increments from one speech, putting them together and not citing it

Front 22

global plagiarism

Back 22

taking entire speech from someone else and using it as your own

Front 23

plagiar-phrasing

Back 23

paraphrasing and not citing

Front 24

specific purpose

Back 24

concise statement indicating what you want your listeners to be able to do when you finish your speech

Front 25

central idea

Back 25

identifies the essence of your message

Front 26

invention

Back 26

term used by ancient romans to describe the ability to develop or discover ideas that result in new insights or approaches to old problems

Front 27

keypoints

Back 27

divisions of central idea

Front 28

4 steps to the speechmaking process

Back 28

select and narrow a topic, determine purpose, develop central idea, generate main ideas

Front 29

5 ways to organize main ideas

Back 29

chronologically, topically, spatially, by cause and effect, by problem and solution

Front 30

principle of recency

Back 30

event discussed last is most remembered

Front 31

primacy

Back 31

putting most important or convincing idea first

Front 32

complexity

Back 32

progressing from simple to most complex

Front 33

spatially

Back 33

arrange by location (walking through place or painting a picture)

Front 34

cause & effect

Back 34

identify situation first and result last, or vice versa

Front 35

problem and solution

Back 35

discuss problem first and solution last if audience knows more about problem, or vice versa

Front 36

3 types of subdivisions

Back 36

logical divisions, reasons why central idea is true, series of steps in chronological order

Front 37

ways to organize supporting material

Back 37

primacy, recency, complexity, specificity, soft to hard evidence

Front 38

soft evidence

Back 38

rests on opinion or inference

Front 39

hard evidence

Back 39

factual examples and statistics

Front 40

signpost

Back 40

words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next, showing relationships between them

Front 41

3 types of signposts

Back 41

transitions, previews, summaries

Front 42

verbal transitions

Back 42

repeat key word, transitional phrases

Front 43

nonverbal transitions

Back 43

change in face, voice

Front 44

preview

Back 44

statement of what is to come that is located in intro

Front 45

summary

Back 45

restating 3 main ideas just before end of speech

Front 46

mapping

Back 46

write down all main ideas, subpoints, and support
use shapes and arrows to relate them

Front 47

standard outline form

Back 47

I, II, III > A, B, C > 1, 2, 3 > a, b, c

Front 48

delivery outline

Back 48

what you will need at presentation

Front 49

5 things on what an informative speech can be about

Back 49

objects, procedures, people, ideas, events

Front 50

andragogy

Back 50

teaching adults

Front 51

ways to enhance audience understanding

Back 51

speak with clarity, use principles of adult learning, give info audience can use immediately, realte to audience experience, visual reinforcement, tell a story

Front 52

ways to enhance audience recall

Back 52

redundancy, pace info flow, reinforce key ideas verbally and nonverbally

Front 53

4 ways of listening

Back 53

pleasure, empathize, evaluate, information

Front 54

5 steps to empathize

Back 54

stop, look, listen, imagine, check

Front 55

critical listening

Back 55

listening to evaluate the info they are presenting

Front 56

critical thinking

Back 56

making judgements to the evidence

Front 57

fact

Back 57

proven true by direct observation

Front 58

inference

Back 58

conclusion based on partial info

Front 59

evidence

Back 59

proof, stats, facts that speaker uses to support conclusion

Front 60

logic example

Back 60

if person walks in with wet poncho and umbrella, you logically assume it's raining outside

Front 61

reasoning

Back 61

not as clear cut as logic
looking at credentials of person and reasonably thinking if its true

Front 62

SOFTEN

Back 62

what to do as audience member- smile, open body, forward lean, touch, eye contact, nod

Front 63

murphy's law

Back 63

what can go wrong, will go wrong

Front 64

NICE

Back 64

visuals aids should be neat, interesting, clear, effective

Front 65

4 goals of introduction

Back 65

grab attention, reveal topic, preview main points, credibility

Front 66

ways of grabbing attention

Back 66

tell a story, use stats or facts, quotes, humor, rhetorical questions, reference historical events

Front 67

ways of showing credibility

Back 67

using stats or facts, quoting, reference historical events, personal references

Front 68

4 goals of conclusion

Back 68

restate topic and main points, restate importance of topic, motivate audience, memorable

Front 69

illustration

Back 69

story or anecdote that provides examples of an idea

Front 70

brief illustration

Back 70

sentence or 2

Front 71

extended illustration

Back 71

longer, detailed, uses plot

Front 72

hypothetical illustration

Back 72

brief or extended, describes events that might happen

Front 73

description

Back 73

tells you what something is like, creates mental picture

Front 74

explanation

Back 74

statement that makes clear how something is done or why is exists in its present form or existed in its past form (how and why)

Front 75

definition

Back 75

found in a dictionary, has authority

Front 76

analogy

Back 76

comparison that increases understanding

Front 77

literal analogy

Back 77

comparison between 2 similar things

Front 78

figurative analogy

Back 78

relies on imaginative insights

Front 79

reliable sources are...

Back 79

reputable, authoritative, unbiased

Front 80

expert testimony

Back 80

testimony of a recognized authority

Front 81

lay testimony

Back 81

opinion offered by a nonexpert who has firsthand experience

Front 82

literary quotation

Back 82

opinion by a write that is often expressed in a memorable or poetic way

Front 83

best supporting material should have...

Back 83

magnitude, proximity, concreteness, variety, humor, suitability