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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_____ is the basis of communication
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Speech
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- A pattern of sounds
-Created by movements of articulators What word am I describing? |
Speech
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Articulators are composed of what 5 things?
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Lips, tongue, jaw, soft palette, and vocal folds
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Just know:
-The speaker must maintain control over the movements to produce intelligible speech -Well timed muscle contractions move the articulators in a precise manner. |
Know
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Ventilatory System: Just know
-Structures exchange air in and out of the lungs -The ventilatory system is the power source for speech -Inspiration or inhalation is drawing air into the lungs |
Know
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_____ is the muscle separating the abdomen and chest cavity. It's movement expands and contracts the lungs.
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Diaphragm
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What are vocal folds or vocal cords?
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They are changes in the air pressure that cause the folds to open and close to produce sound
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The larynx is also known as your ____
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Voice box
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Where is the larynx located?
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upper end of the trachea (windpipe)
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Just know: The larynx
-Houses two tiny folds of tissues which open and close -vocal folds are the source of the voice -rapid vibration of the vocal folds produces voice -folds vibrate by opening and closing which chops the air |
Know
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Cavities of the upper airway like the oral cavity, the nasal cavity, and the pharyngeal cavity are part of the _____
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Vocal tract
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What are two speech mechanisms?
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Vocal tract and articulators
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Your teeth and hard palate are ____
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static (in a fixed position)
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Air pressure is regulated by _____ which allow the speaker to produce a wide range of sounds.
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Articulators
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The speech sounds source is the _____
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Vocal fold vibration
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_____ are vocal fold vibrations
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Vocal sounds
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Unvoiced sounds are when _____
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The folds are open, but are not vibrating.
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Vocal fold movements produce _____, and _____.
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Dipthongs and nasal sounds
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_____ are two vowel sounds in the same syllable
Ex: "hey" has e-a sound |
Dipthongs
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What are nasal sounds?
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"M" sounds
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Vowels, dipthongs, nasal sounds, and approximants are all _____
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Speech sounds produced in the larynx
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The tongue assumes different positions for each _____ sound.
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Vowel
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_____ are vowel like sounds produced with a gradual change in articulation
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Dipthongs
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_____ are sounds created in the larynx that pass through the nose
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Nasal sounds
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_____ are consonant sounds
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Approximants
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What are two types of approximants?
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Glides and liquids
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_____ are a gliding movement from a narrower to more open vocal tract.
Example: "R" or "L" sounds. "Roof" |
Glides
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What are liquids?
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vocal vibrations without additional movements.
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Stop sounds: Just know
- Speaker must form a closure in the oral cavity -Build up pressure behind the point of closure -Suddenly release the closure- a burst of sound -"P" and "B" are produced with closure at the lips -"T" and "D" are produced where the tongue is bunched against the velum or soft palate -"P", "T", and "L" are voiceless stops (no vocal fold vibration) -"B", "D", and "G" are voiced stops (vocal fold vibrates) |
Know
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Fricative sounds: Just know
-Are Noise sounds that can be prolonged by the speaker -Speaker must form a significant constriction in the vocal tract -Build up pressure, and then force air through the constriction -Fricative sounds include: 'F' as in fish 'z' as in zoo 'v' as in vase' 's' as in sun 'm' as in moon ^^^^ These are all prolonged sounds (can hold the sound) |
Know
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Affricative sounds are _____
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combination sounds
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_____ involves a stop closure followed by a fricative release
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Affricative sounds
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Know
Examples of affricative sounds: 'Ch' sound in church 'dge' sound in judge |
Know
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The voice is responsible for _____, ______, and _____.
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Voice, rhythm, and intonation
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_____ and _____ influence language content
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Stress and intonation
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_____ indicated whether what is being said is a question or statement.
Rising intonation= question Rising-falling intonation= statement |
Stress
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_____ affects meaning by producing a syllable within a word in a manner that is louder, longer, and higher in pitch
Example: BEN loves Jerry Ben LOVES Jerry Ben loves JERRY |
Word stress
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_____ requires the speaker to carefully coordinate the contraction of hundreds of muscles throughout the speech mechanism
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Speech
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What happens if the movements of articulators are incomplete or mistimed?
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Abnormal airflow and pressures will cause speech to be unintelligible or cause incorrect sounds
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Repeating one or two syllables even 10 out of 100 times is considered _____
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Stuttering
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True or false: A stutter may repeat the first syllable of a word or prolong a sound in a word
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True
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_____ is talking too quickly, slurring or omitting syllables. A person may speak in bursts of speech or pause in the middle of an utterance.
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Cluttering
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A person with ______ has difficulty producing sounds in words. May substitute sounds, omit sounds, or add sounds
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Articulation disorders
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A person with _____ may have difficulty sequencing sounds in words or have difficulty with multisyllabic words.
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Apraxia
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Just know:
Apraxia is difficulty with the brain, sometimes after a stroke. However, it can happen to children who have never had a stroke. People with apraxia tend to be slower communicators. |
Know
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Strategies for teachers: Just know
-Create a climate of emotional acceptance in the classroom. Don't avoid children who stutter or talk slow -Be an attentive listener -Use a slower speaking rate when talking -Reduce classroom noise -Avoid correcting a child's speech errors in public. -Collaborate with the speech and language practitioner. -Emphasize children's strengths. |
Know
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