Speech And Language Chapter 10

Front 1

_____ is the ability to read, write, speak and think

Back 1

Literacy

Front 2

True or false: Literacy skills are inextricably interlocked from an early age

Back 2

True

Front 3

_____ language feeds the development of reading and writing

Back 3

Oral

Front 4

At what age do children begin learning the essential abilities for reading and writing?

Back 4

Birth

Front 5

Before the age of _____, most children are aware of print

Back 5

3

Front 6

_____ is the knowledge, abilities, and attitudes about reading and writing that young children acquire before any formal, direct instruction

Back 6

Emergent literacy

Front 7

_____ is thinking about language

Back 7

Metalinguistics

Front 8

_____ is the ability to manipulate, count, and identify linguistic units at the phoneme, word, and syllable level

Back 8

Phonological awareness

Front 9

Rhyming, segmenting, and blending are all part of _____

Ex: you use rhyming, clapping syllables, exaggerate names, do eye spy games, and use alliteration to help children with this

Back 9

Phonological awareness

Front 10

At age 3, children pay attention to the _____ in words.

Back 10

Sounds

Front 11

True or false: At age 3, children enjoy the rhythm of chants and songs.

Back 11

True

Front 12

True or false: At age 3, children fail to realize groups of letters have meaning

Back 12

False

Front 13

True or false: At age 3, children interact with books by labeling and using repetitive sentence forms

Back 13

True

Front 14

True or false: At age 3, children are not yet able to realize personal experiences and retell stories

Back 14

False

Front 15

True or false: At age 3, children are beginning to from an underlying understanding for beginning conversations

Back 15

True

Front 16

True or false: At age 3, Children look left to right and top to bottom when engaging with print

Back 16

False; age 4

Front 17

True or false: At age 4 Children know about 7-10 letters of the alphabet

Back 17

True

Front 18

True or false: At age 3, children know words are made of sounds

Back 18

False; age 4

Front 19

True or false: At age 4, children begin to tell stories and stay on topic; stories often resemble lists.

Back 19

True

Front 20

True or false: At age 3, storytelling supports oral language development

Back 20

False; age 4

Front 21

True or false: at age 4, children can answer simple wh questions

Back 21

True

Front 22

Know:

- Remember children do not 'wait to be ready' to learn to read. Expose them to it.

- Provide a print rich environment-use signs labels, posters, and charts

- Evaluate the environmental design, arrangement of furnishings, literacy props

- Offer a wealth of literacy tools- writing and reading materials

- Provide time for experimentation with literacy (books, writing, coloring)

- Set up opportunities to collaborate with other children

- Celebrate written work

- Record achievements

- Emphasize and demonstrate how literacy is a vital part of life

- Use thematic units

Back 22

Know

Front 23

Thematic units means connecting _____ to a specific topic

Back 23

Vocabulary

Front 24

When using thematic units, interactions can influence _____ development

Back 24

Vocabulary

Front 25

When using thematic units, ______ and _____ of vocabulary can influence reading development

Back 25

Quantity and quality

Front 26

When using thematic units, children need to know how words connect to other _____

Back 26

Words

Front 27

When using thematic units, _____ about topics serve to make connections between words

Back 27

Conversations

Front 28

_____ enable children to learn vocabulary and relational information in authentic and meaningful ways

Back 28

Thematic units

Front 29

When using thematic units, the new words connect with the children's _____ in a context familiar to the language community

Back 29

Background knowledge

Front 30

Know:

Don't just read to child. Participate in dialogue. Ask children questions about the book

Back 30

Know

Front 31

What is dialogic book reading?

Back 31

shared book reading

Front 32

When you have a more experienced reader and a child, you should _____

Back 32

Interchange roles

Front 33

Know: Dialogic book reading;

- Increases knowledge of print
- Increases vocabulary
- Supports children's use of language to share ideas
- Allows listener and reader roles to be passed back and forth

Back 33

Know

Front 34

What three things support literacy development?

Back 34

Play, Phonological awareness, and prewriting

Front 35

Know:

- Play enhances the ability to use symbols

- Fosters language growth

- Supports the ability to solve problems in meaningful contexts

- Promotes motivation to engage in literacy activities

- Provides joyful engagement

Back 35

Know

Front 36

Know: Phonological awareness;

- Introduce books, poems, songs, and games that play with sound

Back 36

Know

Front 37

Know: Prewriting;

-Model or display written applications

- Co-construct a story in which teacher and student contribute ideas

- Provide independent prewriting experiences

Back 37

Know

Front 38

In elementary, Children learn words starting from the most simple to the most complex. What is the order in which they learn these?

Back 38

Letter, sound, word, sentence

Front 39

Matching, blending, segmenting, substituting, and deleting all use _____

Back 39

Sounds

Front 40

_____ is strongly tied to reading comprehension

Back 40

Vocabulary

Front 41

Vocabulary known in 1st grade predicts _____ in 11th grade

Back 41

Reading comprehension

Front 42

When a child enters school, they begin to learn to talk about topics which are not _____

Back 42

Immediately present

Front 43

1st graders know _____-_____ words. They also know ______ and _____

Back 43

2000-3000 words
Synonyms and antonyms

Front 44

1st graders use _____ to aid in comprehension. They can also tell _____ stories

Back 44

Pictures
Oral

Front 45

2nd graders use _____ clues, _____, _____, and _____

Back 45

Context, root words, prefixes, and suffixes

Front 46

2nd graders _____ are more developed with settings, characters, and plot resolution

Back 46

Narratives

Front 47

Know:
2nd graders use context clues. So the word blustery used in the sentence "It was cold, rainy, and blustery" allows the child to infer that blustery goes along with a cold and rainy theme

Back 47

Know

Front 48

5th graders know _____-_____ words; comprehension grows to _____ words because they understand words that contain inflections

Back 48

5000-8000 words.
15,000 words

Front 49

3rd graders know about _____-_____ words. They begin to understand non literal words such as _____

Back 49

4000-6000 words
Idioms

Front 50

What are the three types of linguistic knowledge?

Back 50

Phonological
Orthographic
Morphological

Front 51

_____ is when certain letters go with certain sounds

Back 51

Phonological

Front 52

_____ is when certain sounds can be spelled in more than one way

Back 52

Orthographic

Front 53

_____ is how to add inflections to words

Back 53

Morphological

Front 54

______ development involves the integration of all 3 types of linguistic knowledge

Back 54

Spelling

Front 55

Gradually spellers move from mapping individual sounds to _____ sounds in multisyllabic words

Back 55

Chunking

Front 56

_____ is the ability to read text quickly, accurately, and with proper expression

Back 56

Reading fluency

Front 57

_____ is knowing how to group words together in appropriate phrasing

Back 57

Reading fluency

Front 58

______ is impacted by the degree to which a reader can automatically decode.

Back 58

Fluency

Front 59

Know:
In elementary school, writing is combined with drawing.

So, dad swimming in the swimming pool, will look nothing like dad swimming in the swimming pool

Back 59

Know

Front 60

_____ is when writing reflects use of letters to represent the strongest or most obvious sounds

Back 60

Invented spelling

Ex: child may spell Butterfly "bdrfo".

This is expected of young children

Front 61

In young elementary aged children, writing is used primarily for _____

Back 61

Personal expression

Front 62

As the complexity of the child's oral language develops, so too does their _____

Back 62

Writing

Front 63

Know: Strategies to support phonological development in elementary school years

- Teach ways to analyze the sound structure of syllables and words in a conscious manner

- Focus on automaticity in order to interpret meaning

- Use engaging, motivating activities

- Focus on one or two phoneme manipulation skills at a time

- Clarify the connection between the sound and the grapheme correspondence

- Teach phonemic awareness over time within a balanced approach to teaching reading

- Embrace the concept of teaching different ways to different learners. (Differentiation)

Back 63

Know

Front 64

Know: Strategies to support fluency in the elementary school years

- Reader must quickly identify most words and have an efficient process for decoding novel words

- The goal is automaticity

- Give opportunities to reread sentences and make them sound like "talking"

- Fluency depends on:
The ability to identify individual words
The amount of time spend reading
The ability to retain text in memory
The ability to integrate each segment with other parts of the text

Back 64

Know

Front 65

Know: strategies to support vocabulary development in elementary school years

- Learned through listening to oral language and through reading written language
- Word knowledge develops through repeated exposure to the word
- Of the 3000+ words a child learns in one school year, only 300 come from organized, direct instruction

- Most new vocabulary is the result of incidental learning of words embedded in everyday conversation and literacy activities
Ex: Tornado. You don't just say this is a tornado. You use the word multiple times in a sentence

- Teachers need to promote and model curiosity about words

Back 65

Know

Front 66

Know: Strategies to support reading comprehension in elementary school years

Comprehension strategies include:

-Awareness of text structure
-Activating prior knowledge (What do you know about ..)
-Questioning (what's this)
-Self-monitoring (help kids keep track & remember info)
-Summarization (Big picture)
-Teaching most comprehension strategies is more effective when they are used in combination with one another

Back 66

Know

Front 67

In elementary years, have most 4th, 8th, and 12th graders mostly or partly mastered the writing skills demanded at each grade level?

Back 67

Partly

Front 68

With writing in elementary school years, children need to be taught 3 strategies related to _____, _____, and _____

Back 68

Planning, revising, and editing

Front 69

True or false: Writing skills are important, but not that important in success in school and in life

Back 69

False; Writing skills are very important

Front 70

Children above the 7th grade continue to learn _____ and _____ alternations- changes in a regular pattern

Example: Diet-> Dietician

Back 70

Vowel and consonant

Front 71

In adolescence, children learn _____, which is the origin of words

Back 71

Etymologies

Front 72

In adolescence, _____ grows and allows them to analyze text structures like compare/contrast, cause/effect, chronological order, and argument/support

Back 72

Vocabulary

Front 73

True or false: adolescents are able to look at something from multiple perspectives

Back 73

True

Front 74

True or false: Adolescents are not yet able to understand and use figurative language

Back 74

False

Front 75

_____ reflects the use of increasingly complex linguistic structures and new vocabulary

Back 75

Spoken language

Front 76

Know: Strategies to support language and literacy in adolescence

- Direct and explicit reading comprehension instruction

- Instructional principles embedded in content area learning

- Intensive writing connected to the types of writing students will do in their high school classes

- Use teams of teachers from a variety of content areas

- Teachers need in-depth professional development that is long term and on going

- Use of formative assessments (pre-assessments) are critical to inform instructional adjustments based on student progress.

(fyi: Summative assessment means post assessment)

Back 76

Know