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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Brain
Just know: -All mental life occurs in the brain. -The brain allows us to think, remember events, acquire information, express our feelings, plan, organize, and learn. |
Know
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The brain
Just know -The brain controls all organs and movements of the body -The brain processes sensory information -The brain make makes continued learning possible -The brain is prewired to develop language -The brain has the innate ability to develop any language that exists in the world. |
Know
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Language skills will not develop without _____?
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Stimulation from the events in the environment
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By 10-12 months, the brain becomes more selective to _____, responding only to difference in ______
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Sounds
Language in their envrionment |
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We are born with over _____ neurons
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100 billion
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The infants brain _____ the neurons which are not stimulated
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Prunes (gets rid of)
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_____ develop between the stimulated neurons
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Connections
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True or False: The brain is fully developed at birth
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False
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The brain's ability to make connections is called _____
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Cerebral plasticity
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What happens if a pathway in the brain is damaged?
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A new one is created
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By _____ years old, a child's brain structure is similar to that of an adult
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5 years old
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Executive functions are the _____ system of the brain
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Management
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Executive functions impact the ability to perform certain tasks, such as _____
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Planning, prioritizing, organizing, paying attention, remembering details.
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_____ allow us to talk ourselves through difficult tasks
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Executive functions
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_____ are an essential factor for academic success.
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Executive functions
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Executive skills required for academic success
Just know: -Maintaining attention -Controlling impulses -Being flexible when there is a need for change -Managing time -Being organized -Using mental planning -Applying problem solving -Establishing priorities -Executing a task |
Know
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_____ is the knowledge of one's own language and thought processes
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Metacognition
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_____ is being able to self-monitor or self-regulate what is being done or how well it is being done
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Metacognition
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A child's ability to guide, monitor, and direct his or her performance in a task; ability to modulate behavior in relation to environmental demands is called _____
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Self-regulate
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_____ are the basic unit of the nervous system
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Neurons
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There is approximately _____ neurons in the human nervous system
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100 billion
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Neurons are composed of 3 parts, what are they?
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Cell body, dendrites, and a single axon
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A(n) _____ transmits signals away from the body
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Axon
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_____ receive impulses from other cells and transmit them to the cell body
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Dendrites
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Do neurons touch one another?
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No
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_____ send messages (chemical/electrical) across synapses (small spaces between axons and dendrites)
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Neurons
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What are the two divisions of the Nervous system?
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CNS and PNS
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The CNS is made up of what two parts?
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Brain and spinal cord
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The PNS consists of ______
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Everything going out to the body (legs, arms, etc)
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The cerebrum is located in the _____, above the _____
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CNS
Brain stem |
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Where is the cerebrum located?
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Above the brain stem
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Know: The cerebrum is divided into two halves
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Know
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Raising the right hand and having the left hemisphere control it, is an example of something that is_____?
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Contra lateral
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When both hemispheres can do both things, it is called _____?
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Symmetrical
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Know:
Sensory and motor functions of the cerebrum are contra lateral (except vision and hearing) and symmetrical |
Know
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The more specialized brain functions are _____
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Asymmetrical
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"White matter" is _____
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Axons
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"Gray matter" is _____
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Cell bodies
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What are fibrosis connective tracts?
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White matter (axons)
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What are cortex?
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Gray matter (cell bodies)
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Each hemisphere of the cerebrum consists of _____ and _____
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fibrosis connective tracts and cortex
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What are fissures?
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Valleys
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The frontal lobe is important for ____
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Executive functions
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The cortex has _____ and _____
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Gyri (hills) and sulci (fissures)
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Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes. What are the 4 lobes?
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Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
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The _____ lobe controls voluntary gross motor functions
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Frontal
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Broca's area is in the _____ lobe
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Frontal
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Broca's area is important for _____
Example: The person understands others, but they cant say what they want. They barely speak. |
Language production
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The _____ lobe brings together sensory information from different senses (touch, smell, taste)
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Parietal lobe
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The _____ lobe is important for auditory processing
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Temporal
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Wernicke's area is located in the _____ lobe
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Temporal
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_____ is important for language comprehension
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Wernicke's area
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A damaged Broca's area means what?
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They have aphasia
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The _____ lobe receives and interprets visual information
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Occipital
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The _____ coordinates movement, balance, and fine motor movement
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Cerebrum
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The _____ is important for breathing, swallowing, heart rate, and regulation of blood pressure
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Brain stem
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The _____ hemisphere controls speech and non speech-related oral movement
Example: ability to produce sounds and interpret language |
Left
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The _____ hemisphere is important for comprehension and production of speech prosidy (rhythm) and affect, metaphorical language and semantics, comprehension of non speech sounds, music, melodies, tones, laughter, visuospatial recognition of sign language
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Right hemisphere
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