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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phonology, morphology, and syntax are all under what component of language?
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Form
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Semantics or rules for meaning are under what component of language?
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Content
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Pragmatics or rules for conversation are under what component of language?
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Use
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Phonology, articulation, phonemes, orthography, and graphemes are all under what what component of language?
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Form
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______ describes the rules that govern the sequencing of speech sounds
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Phonology
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______ is the ability to form these words or to produce the sounds
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Articulation
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_______ are the abstract representations of speech sounds
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Phonemes
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______ describes the symbols (alphabet letters) of written language
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Orthography
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____ are the letters which match the speech sounds.
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Graphemes
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Just know
-there is no one-to-one match between speech sounds and graphemes -There is more than one way to represent a speech sound -Matching graphemes and phonemes is complicated by the similarities of certain speech sounds |
Just know this
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___ is the knowledge that words are composed of sounds.
Examples are Rhyming, alliteration, adding, deleting, and substituting. |
Phonological awareness
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knowing words are composed of individual sounds and individual sounds combine to form words (specifically, blending and segmenting) is called ____
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Phonemic awareness
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____ are words containing units (parts) which can be separated.
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Syllables
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____ is phonemes that act to distinguish word meanings. This is also known as the alphabetic principle
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Word meaning
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many words that start with the same letter is called _____
Example: Peter Piper Picked |
Alliteration
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mile----> smile is called ______
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Adding
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Smile ---->mile is called ______
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Deleting
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Synthesizing sounds, syllables, and words are way to recognize ______
An example of this is F-i-s-h---> Fish |
Blending
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what is fronting, and what is an example of fronting
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Using the front of your mouth to say a word
Example is Fish |
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What is backing, and what is an example of backing
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Using the back of your mouth to say a word
Example is Cough |
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Breaking sounds into smaller units is called _____
An example of this is Fish--> F-i-s-h |
Segmenting
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Adding sounds to form new words
(at+bat=bat) Deleting sounds to form new words (Smile-s=mile) and substituting syllables or sounds (bug-->bun) These are all examples of ______ |
Manipulation
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Unstressed syllable deletion
("nana" for banana) and Final syllable deletion ("bu" for bus) These are for examples of ______ |
Syllable structure change
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"Bu" for bus is an example of _____
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Final syllable deletion
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"nana" for banana is an example of _____
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Unstressed syllable deletion
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"gog" for dog is an example of _____
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Assimilation
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Fronting and backing are examples of _____
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Places or articulation change
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"Struck" is an example of _____
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Consonant Cluster Reduction
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Morphology is under what component of language?
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Form
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_____ is the rules that govern the structure of words
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Morphology
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____ is the smallest unit in a word which has meaning
-If a word was broken down anymore, the meaning would be lost -Children first become aware of whole words, then syllables, then the segments or individual sounds |
Morpheme
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Articles, prepositions, pronouns, auxillary verbs, plural endings, possessives, present progressive, and past tense makers all fall under the word _____
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Morphology
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Auxillary words are _____
examples of these are: is, am, are |
helping verbs
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Present progressive words have ____
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an -ing ending
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Syntax is under which component of language?
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Form
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The rules that govern sentence structure is called ______
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Syntax
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Basic sentences are composed of a ___, ____, and an _____
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subject, verb, object
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"Dogs chase bones. " is an example of a _____
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Basic Sentence
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More complex sentences contain _____, _____, and _____
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Prepositional phrases, adjectives, and adverbs
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"The little baby drinks milk from a bottle" is an example of a _______
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Complex sentence
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Children start to say two word utterances at what age?
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18 months
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Children start to say one word utterances at what age?
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12 months
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Semantics is under what component of language?
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content
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_____ is rules that govern the meanings of words and how they relate to people, places, and things in the environment
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Semantics
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_____ involves knowledge of the words and knowledge of the world
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Semantics
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Just know this
-Words are labels for entities encountered in the world -Word knowledge involves interactions with the world |
Just know it
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children initially learn a word (dog) and its meaning (four-legged, furry animal) and apply it to all similar animals. Cows, cats, etc. are all called "dog"
This is an example of _____ |
Overgeneralization
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Pragmatics is under which component of language?
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Use
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_____ is rules that involve the use of language during interactions with other people
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Pragmatics
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Eye contact, taking turns, and maintaining the topic are all examples of ____
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Pragmatics
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Just know
-Pragmatic abilities develop over time as the child learns to manipulate language and learns socially appropriate ways to give and receive information Example: "Gimme cookie" morphs into "Can I have a cookie?" |
Just know
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Thought processing, verbal reasoning, working memory, attention, and discrimination are all examples of ______
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Cognition
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_____ is the ability to solve problems, plan, organize, predict and hypothesize
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Thought processing
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_____ allows the child to use language to solve problems
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Verbal Reasoning
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______ allows the child to understand and remember a series of directions and provides temporary storage
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Working memory
Also known as Short term memory |
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____ allows a child to focus on a task and to filter out sounds or activities not relevant to the task
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Attention
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___ is the ability to distinguish the most obvious characteristics between two pictures or words or sounds
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Discrimination
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_____, and ______ are in your working memory
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Attention and discrimination
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____, ____, and ____ are in your long term memory
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Organization, Retrieval, and Memory
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Know the information processing model on chapter 3 pg 4! it will be on the test!
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Look at it!
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Just know
-Girls usually develop language earlier because of estrogen -Most gender differences disappear by age 6 -Teachers need to distinguish between speech and language disorders and linguistic or cultural differences -Adults verbal input may influence language development and also the differences between children of the same age -Differences exist because acquiring language is impacted by gender, environment, learning style, and family expectations |
Just know
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Classroom Strategies to support language development Just know
-Speak slowly and clearly -Reduce background noise -avoid idioms (sarcasm) especially for second language learners -allow children time to respond -provide supports such as pictures, videos, and objects for learning new words and concepts -repeat instructions and ask children to repeat them back to you -alert students when something you are about to say is important |
Just know
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Communication disorders Just know
-are an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, or comprehend concepts in verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbol systems -Communication disorders may involve the form of language, content, or function -Disorders may also be associated with the cognitive abilities |
Just know
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Articulation, Fluency, Voice, Hearing, and Deafness are all examples of ______
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Communication Disorders
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____ is an impaired production of sound (omissions, substitutions, etc.)
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Articulation
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____ is interruption in the flow of speech.
Example is stuttering |
Fluency
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____ is abnormal or absence of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance or duration; inappropriate for ones age
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Voice
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_____ is impaired auditory sensitivity of the physiological auditory system
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Hearing
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____ is reduced hearing acuity
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Deafness
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Expressive language disorders, Receptive language disorders, and pragmatic disorders are all examples of ____
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Central auditory processing disorders
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______ are deficits in the information processing of audible signals. Sounds are heard but not understood
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Central auditory processing disorders
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Someone who rarely initiates conversation, has shorter sentences, does not respond to questions, has difficulty communicating with peers or family members, and makes frequent use of empty or meaningless words would be said to have an _____
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Expressive Language Disorder
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Someone who needs directions repeated, is slow to respond to questions, peers have difficulty understanding the child's speech, forgets materials, slow to learn or does not learn new vocabulary and concepts is said to have a _____
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Receptive Language disorder
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Someone who does not take turns, has eye contact absent or inconsistent, or does not engage with peers in an appropriate manner is said to have a ______
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Pragmatic Disorder
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Summary of key ideas in Chapter 3 (just know)
-Knowledge of the components of language (form, content, and use) helps us identify the areas of language development which need attention -Language difficulties frequently affect more than one modality -Collaboration between home and school is essential to address language disorders |
Just know
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