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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Phonology, morphology, and syntax are all under what component of language?
Form
Semantics or rules for meaning are under what component of language?
Content
Pragmatics or rules for conversation are under what component of language?
Use
Phonology, articulation, phonemes, orthography, and graphemes are all under what what component of language?
Form
______ describes the rules that govern the sequencing of speech sounds
Phonology
______ is the ability to form these words or to produce the sounds
Articulation
_______ are the abstract representations of speech sounds
Phonemes
______ describes the symbols (alphabet letters) of written language
Orthography
____ are the letters which match the speech sounds.
Graphemes
Just know

-there is no one-to-one match between speech sounds and graphemes

-There is more than one way to represent a speech sound

-Matching graphemes and phonemes is complicated by the similarities of certain speech sounds
Just know this
___ is the knowledge that words are composed of sounds.

Examples are Rhyming, alliteration, adding, deleting, and substituting.
Phonological awareness
knowing words are composed of individual sounds and individual sounds combine to form words (specifically, blending and segmenting) is called ____
Phonemic awareness
____ are words containing units (parts) which can be separated.
Syllables
____ is phonemes that act to distinguish word meanings. This is also known as the alphabetic principle
Word meaning
many words that start with the same letter is called _____

Example: Peter Piper Picked
Alliteration
mile----> smile is called ______
Adding
Smile ---->mile is called ______
Deleting
Synthesizing sounds, syllables, and words are way to recognize ______

An example of this is
F-i-s-h---> Fish
Blending
what is fronting, and what is an example of fronting
Using the front of your mouth to say a word

Example is Fish
What is backing, and what is an example of backing
Using the back of your mouth to say a word

Example is Cough
Breaking sounds into smaller units is called _____

An example of this is

Fish--> F-i-s-h
Segmenting
Adding sounds to form new words
(at+bat=bat)

Deleting sounds to form new words
(Smile-s=mile)

and substituting syllables or sounds
(bug-->bun)

These are all examples of ______
Manipulation
Unstressed syllable deletion
("nana" for banana)

and Final syllable deletion
("bu" for bus)

These are for examples of ______
Syllable structure change
"Bu" for bus is an example of _____
Final syllable deletion
"nana" for banana is an example of _____
Unstressed syllable deletion
"gog" for dog is an example of _____
Assimilation
Fronting and backing are examples of _____
Places or articulation change
"Struck" is an example of _____
Consonant Cluster Reduction
Morphology is under what component of language?
Form
_____ is the rules that govern the structure of words
Morphology
____ is the smallest unit in a word which has meaning

-If a word was broken down anymore, the meaning would be lost

-Children first become aware of whole words, then syllables, then the segments or individual sounds
Morpheme
Articles, prepositions, pronouns, auxillary verbs, plural endings, possessives, present progressive, and past tense makers all fall under the word _____
Morphology
Auxillary words are _____

examples of these are: is, am, are
helping verbs
Present progressive words have ____
an -ing ending
Syntax is under which component of language?
Form
The rules that govern sentence structure is called ______
Syntax
Basic sentences are composed of a ___, ____, and an _____
subject, verb, object
"Dogs chase bones. " is an example of a _____
Basic Sentence
More complex sentences contain _____, _____, and _____
Prepositional phrases, adjectives, and adverbs
"The little baby drinks milk from a bottle" is an example of a _______
Complex sentence
Children start to say two word utterances at what age?
18 months
Children start to say one word utterances at what age?
12 months
Semantics is under what component of language?
content
_____ is rules that govern the meanings of words and how they relate to people, places, and things in the environment
Semantics
_____ involves knowledge of the words and knowledge of the world
Semantics
Just know this

-Words are labels for entities encountered in the world

-Word knowledge involves interactions with the world
Just know it
children initially learn a word (dog) and its meaning (four-legged, furry animal) and apply it to all similar animals. Cows, cats, etc. are all called "dog"

This is an example of _____
Overgeneralization
Pragmatics is under which component of language?
Use
_____ is rules that involve the use of language during interactions with other people
Pragmatics
Eye contact, taking turns, and maintaining the topic are all examples of ____
Pragmatics
Just know

-Pragmatic abilities develop over time as the child learns to manipulate language and learns socially appropriate ways to give and receive information

Example: "Gimme cookie" morphs into "Can I have a cookie?"
Just know
Thought processing, verbal reasoning, working memory, attention, and discrimination are all examples of ______
Cognition
_____ is the ability to solve problems, plan, organize, predict and hypothesize
Thought processing
_____ allows the child to use language to solve problems
Verbal Reasoning
______ allows the child to understand and remember a series of directions and provides temporary storage
Working memory

Also known as Short term memory
____ allows a child to focus on a task and to filter out sounds or activities not relevant to the task
Attention
___ is the ability to distinguish the most obvious characteristics between two pictures or words or sounds
Discrimination
_____, and ______ are in your working memory
Attention and discrimination
____, ____, and ____ are in your long term memory
Organization, Retrieval, and Memory
Know the information processing model on chapter 3 pg 4! it will be on the test!
Look at it!
Just know

-Girls usually develop language earlier because of estrogen

-Most gender differences disappear by age 6

-Teachers need to distinguish between speech and language disorders and linguistic or cultural differences

-Adults verbal input may influence language development and also the differences between children of the same age

-Differences exist because acquiring language is impacted by gender, environment, learning style, and family expectations
Just know
Classroom Strategies to support language development Just know

-Speak slowly and clearly

-Reduce background noise

-avoid idioms (sarcasm) especially for second language learners

-allow children time to respond

-provide supports such as pictures, videos, and objects for learning new words and concepts

-repeat instructions and ask children to repeat them back to you

-alert students when something you are about to say is important
Just know
Communication disorders Just know

-are an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, or comprehend concepts in verbal, nonverbal, and graphic symbol systems

-Communication disorders may involve the form of language, content, or function

-Disorders may also be associated with the cognitive abilities
Just know
Articulation, Fluency, Voice, Hearing, and Deafness are all examples of ______
Communication Disorders
____ is an impaired production of sound (omissions, substitutions, etc.)
Articulation
____ is interruption in the flow of speech.

Example is stuttering
Fluency
____ is abnormal or absence of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance or duration; inappropriate for ones age
Voice
_____ is impaired auditory sensitivity of the physiological auditory system
Hearing
____ is reduced hearing acuity
Deafness
Expressive language disorders, Receptive language disorders, and pragmatic disorders are all examples of ____
Central auditory processing disorders
______ are deficits in the information processing of audible signals. Sounds are heard but not understood
Central auditory processing disorders
Someone who rarely initiates conversation, has shorter sentences, does not respond to questions, has difficulty communicating with peers or family members, and makes frequent use of empty or meaningless words would be said to have an _____
Expressive Language Disorder
Someone who needs directions repeated, is slow to respond to questions, peers have difficulty understanding the child's speech, forgets materials, slow to learn or does not learn new vocabulary and concepts is said to have a _____
Receptive Language disorder
Someone who does not take turns, has eye contact absent or inconsistent, or does not engage with peers in an appropriate manner is said to have a ______
Pragmatic Disorder
Summary of key ideas in Chapter 3 (just know)

-Knowledge of the components of language (form, content, and use) helps us identify the areas of language development which need attention

-Language difficulties frequently affect more than one modality

-Collaboration between home and school is essential to address language disorders
Just know