Sociology Test 2

Front 1

Vertical Mosaic

Back 1

Canada’s ethnic groups are vertically arranged according to income, power, and prestige

Front 2

Eugenics movement (give an example)

Back 2

Founded on a social philosophy dedicated to improving human heredity through selective breeding for desirable characteristics (ex:Genocide during the Holocaust Adolf Hitler)

Front 3

An Ethnic Group

Back 3

a collection of people distinguished, by others of by themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics

Front 4

Ethnic groups often share... (give four answers)

Back 4

1) Unique cultural traits, such as language, clothing, holidays, or religious practices

2) A sense of community

3) Ascribed membership from birth

4) Territoriality or the tendency to occupy or identify with a distinct geographic area

Front 5

Visible Minorities

Back 5

Includes persons who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour and who do not report being Aboriginal. (ex: Filipino, Japanese, Korean)

Front 6

Minority (or subordinate) group

Back 6

Whose members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group

Front 7

Overt Racism

Back 7

May take the form of public statements about the “inferiority” of members of a racial or ethnic group (X, get out)

Front 8

Polite Racism

Back 8

An attempt to disguise a dislike of others through behaviour that outwardly is nonprejudicial (ex: if a black person comes to talk about a job and you say “sorry, the job is taken” )

Front 9

Subliminal Racism

Back 9

A form of subconscious racism that occurs when there is a conflict of values (I’m not racist, but... / no offence, but...)

Front 10

Institutionalized Racism

Back 10

Made up of the rules, procedures, and practices which may directly or indirectly promote, sustain, or entrench differential advantage or privilege for dominant members (We treat everyone the same here)

Front 11

Laws are enacted by the legislature ,that is people who are elected. Looking at what is legal/illegal is part of the political process. (Social movements, lobbyists, and political groups will attempt to change laws, take them away, or come up with new ones)

Back 11

Politicality

Front 12

Making sure that the Criminal Code applies to everyone equally, regardless of gender, religion, class etc (does not always work this way)

Back 12

Uniformity

Front 13

Mala in se

Back 13

Crimes that are bad/evil in themeselves, They’re always considered deviant, regardless of time and place, (some examples: murder, child abuse, etc) - much consensus

Front 14

Mala Prohibita

Back 14

illegal crimes because of the law, they’re considered bad because they are prohibited. (Some examples: speedig, illegal downloading, etc) - less consensus

Front 15

Deviance

Back 15

Any behaviour, belief, or condition that violates cultural norms in the society or group in which it occurs

Front 16

According to sociologists, deviance is ________.

That is, an act becomes deviant when it is socially defined as such. Definitions of deviance vary widely from place to place, from time to time, and from group to group

Back 16

Relative

Front 17

Social constructionism

Back 17

Argues that apparently natural or innate features of life are often sustained by social process that vary historically and culturally

Front 18

Self-report surveys

Back 18

Respondents asked to report

Front 19

People asked whether they have been victims of crime

>> provide detailed information about crime victims, but less reliable data about offenders

Back 19

Victimization surveys

Front 20

Interactionalist theories

Back 20

differential association

labeling theory

control theory

(Focuses on who you spend time with)

Front 21

Police officers' three roles

Back 21

Enforce the laws

maintain order

provide various social service

Front 22

About inequality of access to means of communication (laptop, TV, internet access, information on social media, images, music etc)

Back 22

Digital Divide

Front 23

How does Top-down stance view globalization?

Back 23

globalization involves the actions of groups promoting globalized capitalism and free trade

Front 24

Financial capital

Back 24

money used for investment, currency trading

(98% of money exchanged on any given day is not tied to goods and services)

Front 25

Overcapacity

Back 25

global corporations (TNCs) are producing more things than the world's consumers can afford to purchase (In 2008, 94 million vehicles were produced for 60 million buyers)

Front 26

centralization

Back 26

Corporations have merged to stay competitive, blending different industries together

Front 27

Three Sisters

Back 27

1 IMF (International Monetary Fund)

2 World Bank

3 WTO (World Trade Organization)

Front 28

Global commodity chain

Back 28

a worldwide network of labor and production processes, whose end result is a finished commodity

Front 29

Power

Back 29

Distributed unevenly along the chain

Front 30

a way of life in which ones's identity and purpose is oriented primarily to the purchase and consumption of material goods- currently being exported to the world's middle and working classes

Back 30

Consumerism

Front 31

Refers to the social and political process by which racial groups are socially constructed based on perceived physical differences

Back 31

Racialization

Front 32

Structural theories

Back 32

Functionalism

strain theory

conflict theory

feminist theory

Front 33

Sets out, to the point, exactly what is a crime and what isn't a crime. It's the idea of "due process", to balance your rights, and to make sure that there are many procedures that the system needs to go through to prove guilt

Back 33

Specifity

Front 34

the advantaged group that has superior resources and rights in a society

Back 34

Majority (or dominant) group

Front 35

Holds that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation, it also assumes the alignment of biological sex, gender identity and gender roles

Back 35

Heteronormativity

Front 36

when ordinary citizens are disenfranchised from the process of governance

Back 36

Democratic Deficit

Front 37

This theory challenges the notion that lack of development is due to the deficiencies of less developed countries

Back 37

Dependency theory

Front 38

Dependency theorists emphasizes the strong and enduring economic social relationships between what powers and regions?

Back 38

metropolitan powers (Spain, Portugal,Britain, and France etc ) and satellite regions (global south)

Front 39

This theory argues that economic growth and development can best be achieved if the values underlying market capitalism are aggressively fostered.

Back 39

modernization theory

Front 40

this theory calls fro the elimination of government involvement in the economy, which presumably allows free markets to achieve economic growth and development

Back 40

Neoliberal theory

Front 41

A deliberate act of physical or psychological violence perpetrated by state organizations (the army, secret police, etc) to intimidate and coerce certain groups by causing fear, anxiety, panic, and horror

Back 41

State terrorism

Front 42

The number of units of a country's currency needed to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a US dollar would buy in the United States

Back 42

Purchasing power parity

Front 43

This refers to the ratio of the price of exports to the price of imports

Back 43

Terms of trade

Front 44

Policies imposed on debtor countries by the World Bank that entail privatization of state enterprises, opening of debtor economies to imports and capital from developed countries, eliminating social poverty reduction programs, and meeting debt obligations to the financial institutions of the rich countries

Back 44

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs)

Front 45

The idea that the development of Europe required the exploitation of the global south and undermined its economic development

Back 45

Underdevelopment

Front 46

The shared value of the International Monetary Fund, the World bank, and the US Treasury Department that emerged in the late 1970s promoting a neoliberal approach to economic development and stabilization in the global south

Back 46

The Washington consensus