Sociology Test 2

Front 1

Macro-sociology

Back 1

analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of society such as social class and the relationships of groups to one another. Usually used by functionalists and conflict theories

Front 2

Micro-sociology

Back 2

Analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction, typically used by symbolic interactionists.

Front 3

Social Interaction

Back 3

What people do hen they are in one another presence, includes communications at a distance.

Front 4

Social Structure

Back 4

The framework of society that surrounds us consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another. The framework gives direction to and set limits on our behavior.

Front 5

Social Class

Back 5

Large numbers of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige.

Front 6

Status

Back 6

The position that someone occupies in a social group.

Front 7

Status Set

Back 7

All the statuses or positions that an individual occupies.

Front 8

Ascribed Status

Back 8

A position an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntary later in life.

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Status Inconsistency

Back 9

Ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others.

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Role

Back 10

The behaviors obligations and privileges attached to a status.

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Group

Back 11

People who have something in common and who believe that what they want have in common is significant.

Front 12

Social Institution

Back 12

The organization usual or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs.

Front 13

Social Integration

Back 13

The degree to which member of a group or society are united by shared values and other social bonds,

Front 14

Mechanical solidarity

Back 14

Durkheim term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing the same similar tasks.

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Division of Labor

Back 15

The splitting of a groups or a society tasks into specialities.

Front 16

Organic Solidarity

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Durkheim s term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor as part of the same unit we all depend on others fulfill their jobs.

Front 17

Geminschaft

Back 17

A type of society in which life is intimate a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness.

Front 18

Gesellschaft

Back 18

A type of society that is dominated by impersonal relationships individual accomplishments and self interest.

Front 19

Stereotype

Back 19

Assumptions of what people are like whether true or false.

Front 20

Body Language

Back 20

The ways in which people use their bodies to give messages to others.

Front 21

Dramuturgy

Back 21

An approach pioneered by Erving Goffman in which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage.

Front 22

Impression Management

Back 22

People efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them

Front 23

Front Stage

Back 23

Places where people give performances.

Front 24

Back Stage

Back 24

Places where people rest from their performance, discuss their presentations and plane future performances.

Front 25

Role Performance

Back 25

The ways in which someone performs by showing a particular "style" or "personality".

Front 26

Role Conflict

Back 26

Conflicts that someone feels between roles because of the expectations are at odds with one another.

Front 27

Role Strain

Back 27

Conflicts tat someone feels within a role

Front 28

Sign Vehicle

Back 28

The term used by Goff-man to refer to how people use setting, appearance, and manner to communicate things about themselves.

Front 29

Face Sharing Behavior

Back 29

Techniques used to salvage a performance that is going sour.

Front 30

Ethnomethodology

Back 30

The study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life.

Front 31

Background Assumption

Back 31

A deeply embedded common understanding of how the world operates and of how people out to act.

Front 32

Thomas Theorem

Back 32

William and Dorthory classic formulation of the definition of the situation.

Front 33

Social Construction of Reality

Back 33

The use of background assumption and life experiences to define what is real.

Front 34

Hunting and Gathering Society

Back 34

A human group that depends on hunting and gathering for its survival.

Front 35

Shaman

Back 35

The healing specialized of a tribe who attempts to control the spirits thought to cause a disease or injury.

Front 36

Pastrul Society

Back 36

A society based on the pasturing of animals

Front 37

Horticultural Societies

Back 37

A society based on cultivating plants by the use of hand tools.

Front 38

Domestication Revolution

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The first social revolution based on the domestication of plants and animals which led to pastoral and horticultural societies.

Front 39

Agricultural Society

Back 39

A society based on large scale agriculturalist.

Front 40

Agricultural Revolution

Back 40

The 2nd social revolution based on the invention of the plow.

Front 41

Industrial Society

Back 41

A society based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuels.

Front 42

Post Industrial Society

Back 42

A society based on info services an a high technology rather than on raw materials and manufacturing.

Front 43

Biotech Society

Back 43

A society whose economy increasing centers on modified genetics to produce food medicine and materials.

Front 44

Aggregate

Back 44

Individuals that temp share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as a belonging pair.

Front 45

Primary Group

Back 45

A small group characterized by intimate, long term, face to face association and cooperation.

Front 46

Secondary Group

Back 46

Compared with a primary group larger relatively temp more anonymous formal and impersonal group based on same interest or activity.

Front 47

In-Group

Back 47

Groups toward which one feels loyalty.

Front 48

Out-Group

Back 48

Groups toward which one feels antagonism.

Front 49

Reference Group

Back 49

A group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves.

Front 50

Social Network

Back 50

The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

Front 51

Group Dynamics

Back 51

The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals.

Front 52

Triad

Back 52

A group of three people.

Front 53

Coalition

Back 53

The alignment of some member of a group against others

Front 54

Instrumental Leader

Back 54

An individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goal.

Front 55

Expressive Leader

Back 55

Individuals who increases harmony and minimizes conflict in the group.

Front 56

GroupThink

Back 56

A narrowing of thought by a group of people leading to a perception that their is only one correct answer and that to even suggest an alternative is a sign of disloyalty.

Front 57

Social Order

Back 57

A groups usual and customary social arrangements on which its members depend and base their lives off of.

Front 58

Social Control

Back 58

A groups formal and informal means of enforcing its norms.

Front 59

Negative Sanction

Back 59

An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm and ranging from a mild informal reaction as such a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence.

Front 60

Positive Sanction

Back 60

A reward or positive reaction for a following norm, ranging from a smile to a material reward.

Front 61

Street Crime

Back 61

Crimes such as mugging rape, and burglary

Front 62

Differential association

Back 62

Edwin Sutherlands term to indicate that people who associate with some groups learn an excess of definitions of deviance increasing the likely hood they will become deviant.

Front 63

Control Theory

Back 63

The idea that 2 control systems inner controls and outer controls work against
our tendencies to deviate.

Front 64

Degradation Ceremony

Back 64

A term coined by Harold Garfunkel to refer to ritual whose goal is to make someones self by stripping away that individuals self identity and stamping a new identity in its place.

Front 65

Labeling Theory

Back 65

Ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect society norms.

Front 66

Cultural Groups

Back 66

The objectives held out as legitimate members if society to achieve.

Front 67

institutional Means

Back 67

Approved ways of reaching cultural goals.

Front 68

Strain Theory

Back 68

Robert Merton term for the strain engaged with a society.
Socializes large number of people to desire a cultural goal but withholds from some. The approved means of reaching the goal and adaption to the strain .

Front 69

Illegitimate Opportunity Structure

Back 69

Opportunities for crimes that woven into the texture of life.

Front 70

Corporate Crimes

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Crimes committed by executives in order to benefit their corporation.

Front 71

Police Discretion

Back 71

The practice of police in normal course of their duties. To either arrest or ticket someone for an offense or to overlook the matter.

Front 72

Medicalization

Back 72

The transformation of human condition into a matter to be treated by a physician.

Front 73

Medicalization of Deviance

Back 73

To make deviance a medial matter a symptom of some underling illness that needs to be treated by a doctor.

Front 74

Social Stratification

Back 74

The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige, applies to both nations and to people within a nation.

Front 75

Bonded Labor

Back 75

A contractual system in which someone sells his or her body for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery.

Front 76

Caste System

Back 76

A form of social stratification in which people statuses are lifelong conditions determined at birth.

Front 77

Endology

Back 77

The practice of marrying someone in your group.

Front 78

Class System

Back 78

A form of social stratification based primary on the possession of money or material things.

Front 79

Social Mobility

Back 79

Movement up or down the social class ladder.

Front 80

World System Theory

Back 80

How economic and political connections developed and how the world is tied together.

Front 81

Globalization of Capitalism

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Capitalism becoming the globes dominant economic system.

Front 82

Cultural of poverty

Back 82

The assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty.

Front 83

False Class Consciousness

Back 83

Marx's term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists.

Front 84

Class Consciousness

Back 84

Marx's term for awareness of common identity based on ones position in the means of production.

Front 85

Means of Production

Back 85

The tools factories, land, and investment capital use to produce wealth.

Front 86

Power Elite

Back 86

Mills term for the top people in U.S. corporation military and politics who make the nations major decisions.

Front 87

Inter-generation Mobility

Back 87

That change the family members make in social class from one generation to the next

Front 88

Upward Social Mobility

Back 88

Moving up in a social class.

Front 89

Downward Social mobility

Back 89

Moving down in a social class.

Front 90

Exchange Mobility

Back 90

About the same number of people moving up and down the social class ladder

Front 91

Structural Mobility

Back 91

Movement up or down the social class ladder that is due more to changes in the structure then of society itself.

Front 92

Poverty Line

Back 92

The offical measure of poverty, calculated by income that are less than 3 times a low cost food budget.

Front 93

Horatio Alger Myth

Back 93

The belief that anyone can accomplish anything.

Front 94

5 types of society(essay)

Back 94

HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY
1st-Domesication: Horticultural and Pastoral Society
2nd-Argicutural society
3rd-Industrial society
4th:Postindustrial society
5th:Biotech society

Front 95

Group dynamics(essay)

Back 95

Simmel
The size of the groups.
Small,Primary, Dyad, Triad,

Front 96

Dramaguty(essay)

Back 96

Putting on a drama of your life.
Impression management is used to control how others think of you.
Front stages:lectures,weddings, etc
Back Stages: letting your hair down
Sign Vehicle: Use social setting or appearance to communicate info about themselves.

Front 97

functionalist perspectives essay

Back 97

replacing members
socializing new members
producing and distributing goods and services
preserving order
providing a sense of purpose