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30 Cards in this Set
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Sociology Def'n |
study of society and group behaviour ex. columbine shooting from sociological perspective: medias influence on violence |
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Psychology Def'n |
study of the individual and how they are motivated |
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Objectives of Sociology |
1) to DISCOVER patterns of human behaviour 2)to EXPLAIN patterns of human behaviour |
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5 Reasons for Social Interaction (E4C) |
1) Exchange 2) Cooperation 3) Conflict 4) Coercion 5) Conformity
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5 Reasons for Social Interaction- Exchange |
Occurs when person does something for the purpose of receiving award |
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5 Reasons for Social Interaction- Cooperation |
People associate with each other to achieve goals that they could not achieve independently
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5 Reasons for Social Interaction- Conformity |
People associate with each other because they are expected to
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5 Reasons for Social Interaction- Coercion |
You are forced to be in a social situation |
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5 Reasons for Social Interaction- Conflict |
We participate in social encounters to compete for a commonly prized object ex. sports, wars, etc... |
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Emile Durkheim |
- sociology should be concerned with social facts which are external to individuals, but which constrain their behaviour social factors- laws, customs, language, etc... - Things should be studied statistically (scientific reputation)- so that studies can be replicated - first to study suicide from sociological perspective ex. Catholics vs Protestants ex. suicide rate in first nations is 6-9 times higher |
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Max Weber |
-"In order to understand society, have to understand individual first" - took more personal approach, suggested to meet people you are researching for study - Garbology: study human behaviour by analyzing their garbage - Sociology should be value-free- free of prejudice and bias
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Karl Marx |
- economist and philosopher - believed conflict and change were main characteristics of society - Proletariat- poor working class, majority - Bourgeoisie- owned means of production- minority - Proletariat wanted to rid of bourgeoisie and create more egalitarian society - Why didn't this happen? 1. introduction of labour unions 2. introduction of stock market- where everyone could get piece of business so workers were co-opted - "religion is the opiate of the people" (opiate is sedative drug)
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Macrosociology |
study of large scale societies a) Structuralism b) Functionalism c) Conflict Perspective |
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Microsociology |
study of small scale societies d) Interactionist Perspective |
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Structuralism |
studies the structure of socitey ex. gender ratios, income levels etc, marriage rates, etc.. - Durkheim - First nations will soon become majority in Sask |
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Functionalism |
views society as a system of inter-related parts, where a change in one part, leads to changes in other parts ex. Internet, social media - Durkheim |
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Conflict Perspective |
stresses conflict and power differences that bring on social change - conflict rather than peace is natural state of society - Marx
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Interactionist Theory |
focusses on how the individual relates to his or her social environment - not society that influence behaviour, but rather how we perceive society - Weber |
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Symbols |
reinforce cultural identity |
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Language |
provides cultural cohesiveness - does not have to be oral, can also be symbolic
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Values |
what specific culture considers to be good and desirable ex. Peace, respect, honour |
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Terminal Values |
Values considered to be the end goals of a culture
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Instrumental Values |
Ways of achieving your terminal goals
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Norms |
standard pattern of social behaviour - Folkways - Mores - Laws |
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Folkways |
Should or should not behaviour - least serious - informally enforced, and unwritten ex. Drink 8 glasses of water a day
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Mores |
Must of must not behaviours - more serious - informally enforced and unwritten
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Laws |
formally enforced by police, courts and corrections - written - most serious Norms |
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Subcultures |
group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviours that differ in some significant way from the main culture - exist within main culture ex) bikers, Hutterites - content to live in society, no attempt to change it
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Counter-Cultures |
subcultures that reject the dominant societal values and norms, and seek alternate lifestyle often imposing their lifestyle on others ex) KKK, Aryna Nations, Hippies, etc... |
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Culture Shock |
the disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures or situations that are radically different from those they are used to |
