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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Expressive ties
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Emotional investment in and commitment to another person
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instrumental ties
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social links formed when we cooperate with other people to achieve a goal
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primary group
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people you have a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with
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secondary group
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people with whom you have an impersonal, "professional" relationship
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in- group
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people we identify with
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out group
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people we don't identify with
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reference groups
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a base used for viewing the world and a source for psychological identification
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relative deprivation
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discontent with the gap between what we have and what we believe we should have
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social dilemma
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group members faced with conflict between maximizing personal interest and maximizing collective welfare
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social loafing
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people don't work as hard when they are in a group
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free rider effect
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assume others will provide for the public good making ones contribution unnecessary
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groupthink
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members of a group become so preoccupied with maintaining consensus that critical faculties become impaired
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anomie
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a sense of moral confusion
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crime
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an act of deviance prohibited by law
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deviance
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behavior that a considerable number of people in a society view as reprehensible and beyond the limits of tolerance
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crimes of domination and oppression
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committed by capitalists to keep their superiority
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crimes of resistance and accomodation
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crimes committed by working class as a reaction to oppression
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social control
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methods and strategies that regulate a behavior within a society
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internlizations
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incorporating into ones personality standards of behavior that are prevalent within a larger society
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sanctions
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penalties for violating the norms
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juvenile delinquency
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illegal or antisocial behavior on the part of a juvenile
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status offense
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act defined as unacceptable for people below a certain age and can be used as the basis for juvenile court proceedings
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organized crime
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large scale bureaucratic organizations that provide illegal goods
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victimless crimes
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"consensual crimes" that have no victim
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white-collar crime
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committed by powerful people typically in business settings
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primary deviance
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behavior that violates the norms but usually goes unnoticed
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secondary deviance
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deviance individuals adopt in response to the reactions of other individuals
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hedonism
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tendancy of humans to pursue pleasure and avoid pain
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general deterrance
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threat of punishment deters people from commiting crime because they are afraid of punishment
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selective incapacitation
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only offenders who are most likely to commit crime if released are held
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Murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, lardeny-theft, burglary, arson, motor vehicle theft
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8 index crimes
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social stratification
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structured ranking of individuals and groups
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wealth
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has to do with what people own at a particular time
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income
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amount of new money people receive within a given interval
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prestige
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social respect, admiration and recognition associated with a particular status
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power
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ability of individuals and groups to realize their will in human affairs even if it involves resistance to others
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life chances
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likelihood of an individual to live a long and healthy life
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conspicuous consumption
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buying status symbols
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social mobility
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individuals move from one level of stratification to another
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vertical mobility
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movement upward or downward in stratification system
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intergenerational mobility
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comparison of social status of parent and children
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intragenerational mobility
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comparison of social status of an individual over an extended period of time (decades)
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