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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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formal education
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Now that society is becoming more complex, formal schooling is necessary. Informal education, learning from family, is inadequate.
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functionalist perspective of education
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-helps to maintain an orderly & efficient society
-families & peer groups still play a role in the socialization, but education takes over for the logic aspects -schools teach basic concepts & values within the culture, but it does so without much awareness of the topics -HIDDEN CURRICULUM -TRACKING |
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hidden curriculum
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-curriculum that teaches the student role
-emphasizes punctuality |
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tracking
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assorts students into social positions & points them towards a certain career
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symbolic interaction perspective of education
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-sees education as interaction in the social setting of the school
-LABELING -private schools- good schools with good students. this has a negative impact on the students, giving them an idea of self (being good or bad) -SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY |
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labeling
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-teachers label students as good or poor
-those labeled as bad might not put in any effort to become better -those labeled as good are encouraged to do even better -leads to inequality |
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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teachers have assumptions about students which encourage students to fulfill them
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conflict theor of education
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-education system perpetuates social inequality
-academic rewards are based on upper & middle class views, while they same is expected out of lower class students who were socialized differently -the hidden curriculum works against the working class because it teaches them not to challenge authority -it benefits the capitalists and other powerful people -BETWEEN & WITHIN SCHOOL EFFECTS |
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between school effects
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differences among different schools, especially differences in funding (technology, resources)
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within school effects
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-how students within one school are treated differently or the same (tracking)
-they are placed into different groups based on knowledge |
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official curriculum
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reading & writing
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means of access
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-Mass media is often associated with entertainment, & is therefore seen as a marginal means of information
-various ways we can gain more information |
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McLuhan & the Global Village
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-"The media is the message"
-it doesnt matter what the information is, but where we gain it (the form of communication that is being used) -tv/internet/newspapers = all very different |
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Habermas & the Public Sphere
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-the people you interact with
-now that we are able to communicate with people very easily due to technology, our public sphere is growing much larger at an increasing rate |
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culture industry
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-culture has been invented within the entertainment industry
-we learn different aspecs from culture, such as what we should eat & wear |
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face to face interaction
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directly talking to a person
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mediated interaction
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-use of media technology to communicate
-can be stretched out over time & place |
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mediated quasi-interaction
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-created by the mass media
-interactions you have while watching a tv, movie, or play -making comments to people that wont respond |
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information poverty
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-difference in sources among social classes
-higher middle classes are able to have internet access which will bring them information, while the lower classes dont have access to this information |
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lifelong learning
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you dont stop learning once you get a degree, but continue learning throughout your adult life
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characteristics of work
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-MONEY- reward for working
-ACTIVITY LEVEL- opportunity to learn & exercise skills -VARIETY- breaks up the day & gives people a purpose -TEMPORAL STRUCTURE- provides a sense of direction -SOCIAL CONTACTS- meet people at work that expand our social networking capabilites -PERSONAL INDETITY- we indentify ourselves based on our career |
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capitalism
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-private ownership of the means of production
-way of organizing economic life -profit as an incentive -acquire cheap materials & use cheap labor -taken a lot of jobs and placed them overseas where the cost of labor is cheaper |
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family capitalism
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-large firms run by individual entrepreneurs or members of the same family
-characteristic of small mom and pop shops that were passed on from generation to generation -shares are now open to the public, rather than just family -continue to dominate smaller firms, but economic failure is still common |
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managerial capitalism
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-managers have more influence through the growth of firms
-replacement of the family -influences the experience of employment: -in small firms, everyone knows each other, while in large firms managers dont knnow all employees on a personal level |
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institutional capitalism
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-consolidated network of business leadership
-corporate power beyond the firms -practice of various corporations holding shares in other firms |
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consequences of corporations
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-harm to workers= outsourcing
-health & environment risks= corporations cause pollution, risk to animals |
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What is "Job on the Line" about?
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the movement of jobs from the United States to poorer countries where labor costs and taxes are lower
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sick role
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-used to describe the patterns of behavior that the sick person adopts in order to minimize the disruptive impact of illness
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functionalist theory of the sick role
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-see illness as being disfunctional to society
-it is disruptive to the flow of society because sick people cannot perform the same functions they could when they are healthy |
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three main concepts of the sick role
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1.) the sick person is not personally responsible for being sick
2.) they are entitled to certain rights and privilges 3.) they must work to regain health by consulting a medical expert |
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conditional (sick role)
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-applies to individuals who are suffering from temporary conditions and can recover easily
-not always given full privileges of sick role |
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unconditionally legitimate
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-individuals who are suffering from incurable illnesses
-automatically entitles to occupy the full sick role |
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illegitimate
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-applies when individuals suffer from a condition that is stigmatized by others
-might not be granted sick role beacuse they brought it upon themselves |
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experience of illness (symbollic interaction theory)
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-deals with people's experiences of being sick and how others percieve this
-people suffering from conditions have to come up with some kind of strategy for dealing with their condition -social interactions are routine & full of risk & uncertainty |
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regimes of health
ILLNESS WORK |
-how people manage their illness (medications/therapy)
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regimes of health
EVERYDAY WORK |
-management of everyday life (grocery shopping/friends)
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regimes of health
BIOGRAPHICAL WORK |
-construct personal narrative
-how people incorporate their illness into their own life -how they develop ways of explaining their illness to others |
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inequalities in health
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-some people live long, healthy lives while other do not
-cultural & material influences on health: stress, substance abuse, smoking, drinking, diet, poor education |
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epidemiology
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the science that studies the distribution and incidence of disease and illness within the population
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what is a consequence of the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa?
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the level of social unrest has increased
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T/F: In the article "Blood Sport" one of the causes for the health care issue is the relatively increasing number of people under the age of 30 as compared to those who are older
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false
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Which stage of corporate capitalism is dominated by large firms run by individual entrepreneurs or their family members and passed on to their descendants?
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family capitalism
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Probably the strongest conclusion to be drawn from Adler's "Job on the Line is that
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global competition without regulation leads to a search for the cheapest possible workforce.
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Capitalism is characterized by the following:
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private ownership and open competition
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cultureal & material influences
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-looks at different socioeconomic statuses, different types of illnesses & how the access to health will have an impact on race and ethnicity.
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demography
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-study of population
-looks at the current state, as well as the past & future -biggest goal is to learn about the social forces that affect population and how population affects society |
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crude birthrates
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# of births diveded by the total population (general overview)
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fecundity
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total # of children a woman can have
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mortality
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-study of death and how it strikes people all over the world
-highest risk of death during the first year of life |
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age-specific birth rates
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birthrates between women of a certain age
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total fertility rate
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average # of births per women
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life expectancy
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the average # of years a person is expected to live
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who has a higher life span, men or women?
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women
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life span
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the theoretical maximum of life
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migratioin
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-movement of people affects population
-immigration/emigration -push/pull factors |
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Malthusian Theory
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=idea that population tends to grow faster than the subsistence needed to sustain in
-human populations are prone to decline, there are checks on population growth (war, disease, famine) |
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arithmetic increase
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way our necessities grow (constant line)
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exponantial increase
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the way the population grows
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Demographic Transition Theory
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1.) high mortality and high birth rate (population is stable)
2.) declining mortality rates & high birth rates 3.) low mortality rate and declining birth rate (population grows because fertility rates are higher than mortality rates) 4.) low mortality & fertility rates |
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skeptics
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-present levels of economic interdependence are not unprecedented
-modern globalization differs from the past only in the intensity of interaction between nations -process of regionalization |
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hyperglobalizers
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-take an opposing position to that of the skeptics
-argue that globalization is a very real phenomenon whose consequences can be felt almost everywher -focused on changing the role of the nation-state (individual countries no longer control their economies bc of the vast growth of world trade) |
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transformationalists
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-take a middle position
-see globalization as the central force behind a broad spectrum of changes that are currently shaping modern societies -globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change |
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rise in individualism
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-we create our own self identity through the past and through our communities
-we now have more opportunities to shape our own lives -we are constantly changing and adjusting to the environment |
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work patterns
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-international trade
-due to outsourcing, people are losing their jobs to other people in developing countries who will work for less -career hopping- people can freely move from job to job |
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popular culture
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-the cultural effects of globalization havent recieved as much attention as the media
-globalization has led to a grwoing differentiation in cultural traditions and norms |
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external risk
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dangers in the natural world, such as droughts, earthquakes, & storms
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manufactured risk
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risks created by humans
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environmental risks
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consequences that are accelerating due to technological development
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What are the three types of interaction
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1.) face to face
2.) mediated interactin 3.) mediated quasi interaction |
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What are the characteristics of work?
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-money
-activity level -variety -temporal structure -social contacts -personal identity |
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What are the three types of capitalism?
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1.) family
2.) managerial 3.) institutional |
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What are the three versions of the sick role?
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1.) conditional
2.) unconditionally legitimate 3.) illegitimate |
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what are the regimes of health
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1.) illness work
2.) everyday work 3.) biographical work |
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what are the three processes of population?
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1.) fertility
2.) mortality 3.) migration |
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what are the three effects on globalization?
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1.) rise in individualism
2.) work patterns 3.) popular culture |
