Sociology Exam 2

Front 1

Formal expectations

Back 1

keep grades up or face consequences

Front 2

Informal expectations

Back 2

don’t need to dress up, allowed to be more relaxed

Front 3

Status Set

Back 3

student status only matters at school, not child of parent, relationships

Front 4

Ascribed Status

Back 4

Given to you (usually at birth)
- Women not always fair status (certain cultures)
-Male/Female
-Race/Ethnicity
-Religious
-Family (Title)
-Social Class, Royalty v. Peasant

Front 5

Achieved Status

Back 5

Earned it

Front 6

Master Status

Back 6

dominant in specific situations, diff. status as student, family, relationship
E.g., Disability, everyday interaction, people talk down/slower to you, treated differently, job discrimination, you can sue

Front 7

Dramaturgy

Back 7

look at daily life(social interactions) as if we were in a play (tragedy), front stage, backstage

Front 8

Impression Management

Back 8

job interviews, manage impression you give to others, date, manage appearance, play the role

Front 9

Front Stage

Back 9

at dinner table or in the office for interview

Front 10

Backstage

Back 10

step out go to the bathroom, freshen up

Front 11

Role Performance

Back 11

play role of student well, taking notes, showing up

Front 12

Primary Groups

Back 12

More important
Family/Friends
Personal/Emotional
Duration: Long Term
End to itself, value as people, truly enjoy their company

Front 13

Secondary Groups

Back 13

Not as big of a role
Co-workers/Students
Store/Customer
Duration: Short Term
Means to an end (paycheck)
-Political or Study Partner in class

Front 14

Dyad

Back 14

2, potential of a strong relationship, friends “Buddy system” (military/police), purpose to watch out for you, not only one struggling, strong relationship = more committed, missionaries(support), sales

Front 15

Triad

Back 15

group of 3, impartial judge to mediate b/w the other 2, third party will resolve disputes, negotiation, trials

Front 16

Max Weber
Bureaucracy

Back 16

reason/rational matter, divisions of labor, more productive/efficient, divide up large tasks, good at killing people (death camps)

Front 17

1. Hierarchy

Bureaucracy

Back 17

Manager & Cash Register @ Publix, chain of command, check w/ immediate supervisor

Front 18

2. Division of Labor

Bureaucracy

Back 18

break up tasks to smaller parts

Front 19

3. Written Rules

Back 19

apply to school, orientation

Front 20

4. Records

Back 20

on everyone, grades, major, name, birthdays, etc.

Front 21

5. Impersonality

Back 21

favoritism, promoted b/c buddy of (kill moral of company/military)

Front 22

6. Meritocracy

Back 22

an elite group of people whose progress is based on ability and talent rather than on class privilege or wealth

Front 23

Red Tape

Back 23

develops, a lot of excessive rules & procedures that have to be followed, too complicated/paperwork, unless fill out correctly, you get bounced from the system

Front 24

expressive leadership

Back 24

focuses on collective well-being. If successful, such leaders enjoy more personal affection. This differentiation is also linked to gender.

Front 25

instrumental leadership

Back 25

refers to group direction that emphasizes the completion of tasks. If successful, such leaders gain a distant respect.

Front 26

Poor communication

Back 26

in large organization when people specialize in small areas, hurricane Katrina evacuation, sociology prof. doesn’t know what’s happening in math dept.

Front 27

Alienation

Back 27

feel very disconnected, alone in process/organization
-office space, another number, replaceable
- structure of organization, discourages connections

Front 28

Deviance

Back 28

reminds us of the boundaries of our social norms (deviate = punish or reward

Front 29

Symbolic Interactionist

Back 29

- Lower Class – Handout
- Wealthy/Middle Class- cut their grass, clean house
- Childcare
- Rational Choice
- Opportunity/Cost
- Assign value – work or not? Time w/ children?
- Disincentive to work – elderly w/ social security, cut payment in half if you make a certain choice

Front 30

Differential Association Theory

Back 30

the environment plays a major role in deciding which norms people learn to violate. Specifically, people within a particular reference group provide norms of conformity and deviance, and thus heavily influence the way other people look at the world, including how they react

Front 31

Control Theory with inner and outer controls

Back 31

both inner and outer controls work against deviant tendencies. People may want—at least some of the time—to act in deviant ways, but most do not. They have various restraints: internal controls, such as conscience, values, integrity, morality, and the desire to be a “good person”; and outer controls, such as police, family, friends, and religious authorities

Front 32

Labeling Theory

Back 32

the meanings people derive from one another's labels, symbols, actions, and reactions. This theory holds that behaviors are deviant only when society labels them as deviant.

Front 33

Functionalist Perspective

Back 33

1. Deviance helps us define the boundaries of our social norms.
2. The reaction to deviance helps reinforce social norms.
3. The punishment of deviant behavior helps create social unity.
4. Deviance helps bring about need social change

Front 34

conflict theory

Back 34

The poor and minorities in society are targeted and punished more harshly by
those who make and enforce our laws. the crimes committed by those in power are not punished
harshly if at all.

Front 35

White Collar Crime

Back 35

(dr./lawyer/city counsel member) b/c status in society greater, not punished as harshly b/c respected
E.g. Enron

Front 36

Reasons why poor and minorities get unequal justice:

Back 36

1. Racial Profiling
2. Selective Enforcement
3. Unequal laws
4. Judge or Jury Bias
5. Not enough money for a good defense

Front 37

Stratification

Back 37

layering/status/social position/rank
-usually money (poor v. middle class v. rich)

Front 38

Max Weber

Back 38

studied who are the people how higher status/power in society & how they got there, not just money, E.g., Mother Theresa

Front 39

Critiques from the conflict theory

Back 39

1 - Most important/high skill position don't always get the highest rewards
2. Favoritism such as nepotism and cronyism challenges the notion of a meritocracy
3. Racism and sexism result in lost opportunities

Front 40

endogamy

Back 40

inter-marriage, custom enjoining one to marry within one’s own group

Front 41

india's religious caste system

Back 41

untouchable = lower
Brahmin = Higher level
FIXED for LIFE

Front 42

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 42

requiring racial segregation in private businesses (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal".