Sociology Final Exam Chapter 13

Front 1

a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children

Back 1

family

Front 2

a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

Back 2

kinship

Front 3

a legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and child bearing

Back 3

marriage

Front 4

a family composed of parents and children as well as other kin; also know as a consanguine family

Back 4

extended family

Front 5

a family composed of one or two parents and there children; also know as a conjugal family

Back 5

nuclear family

Front 6

marriage between people of the same social category

Back 6

endogamy

Front 7

marriage between people of different social categories

Back 7

exogamy

Front 8

marriage that unites two partners

Back 8

monogamy

Front 9

marriage that unites a person with two or more spouses

Back 9

polygamy

Front 10

the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations

Back 10

descent

Front 11

a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

Back 11

incest taboo

Front 12

marriage between people with the same social characteristics

Back 12

homogamy

Front 13

emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member by another

Back 13

family violence

Front 14

the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple

Back 14

cohabitation

Front 15

included as a part of everyday life

Back 15

profane

Front 16

liberation theology

Back 16

the combining of Christian principles with political activism, often Marxist in character

Front 17

set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence

Back 17

sacred

Front 18

a social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred

Back 18

religion

Front 19

belief based on conviction rather than on scientific evidence

Back 19

faith

Front 20

an object in the natural world collectively defined as sacred

Back 20

totem

Front 21

a religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society

Back 21

church

Front 22

a church formally linked to the state

Back 22

state church

Front 23

a church, independent of the state, that recognizes religious pluralism

Back 23

denomination

Front 24

a religious organization that stands apart from the larger society

Back 24

sect

Front 25

extraordinary personal qualities that van infuse people with emotion and turn them into followers

Back 25

charisma

Front 26

a religious organization that is largely outside a society's cultural traditions

Back 26

cult

Front 27

the belief that element of the natural world are conscious life forms that affect humanity

Back 27

animism

Front 28

the importance of religion in a person's life

Back 28

religiosity

Front 29

the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred

Back 29

secularization

Front 30

a quasi-religious loyalty binding individuals in a basically secular society

Back 30

civil religion

Front 31

Patterns that determine where couples live

Back 31

• In pre-industrial societies: Matrilocality and/or Patrilocality
• In industrial societies: Neolocality

Front 32

(Macro-level analysis) Structural-functional analysis of families

Back 32

1. Socialization
2. Regulation of sexual activity
3. Social placement
4. Material and emotional security

Front 33

Stages of family life

Back 33

o Courtship and Romantic love
o Ideal and Real marriage
o Raising Children
o Later Life

Front 34

Transition in family

Back 34

o Divorce (Causes of Divorce & Who Divorces?)
o Remarriage and Blended Families
o Family Violence

Front 35

Causes of divorce

Back 35

1. individualism on the rise
2. romantic love fades
3. women are less dependent on men
4. stressful marriages
5. divorce has become socially acceptable
6. legally, a divorce is easier to get

Front 36

Who divorces?

Back 36

young couples, marriages after unplanned pregnancies, unreligious people, people whose parents go through a divorce

Front 37

alternate family forms

Back 37

o One-parent families
o Cohabitation
o Gay and Lesbian Couples
o Singlehood

Front 38

Structural-Functionalist Analysis in religion (Durkheim)

Back 38

o Totem: an object of the natural world collectively defined as sacred through religion, we celebrate the power of our society

Front 39

functions of religion

Back 39

• Social cohesion
• Social control
• Providing meaning and purpose

Front 40

Symbolic-Interaction Analysis in religion (Peter Berger)

Back 40

• Meanings, labels, and definitions found within each religion and how these meanings, labels, and definitions shape our identity and our interactions
• Religion places life in a “cosmic frame of reference”

Front 41

Social-Conflict Analysis in religion (Marx)

Back 41

• Religion: an illusion maintained and perpetuated by the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production)
• Religion: “the opiate of the masses”
• Religion legitimizes inequality and perpetuates the status quo
• Religion endorses patriarchy

Front 42

Religion and Social Change (Weber)

Back 42

• Protestantism and Capitalism
• Religion has promoted social change and social equality
• Religion was the driving force behind the development of Capitalism
• “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”
o Liberation Theology: fusion of Christian principles and political activism

Front 43

types of religious organizations

Back 43

o Church (State Church and Denomination)
o Sect
o Cult

Front 44

religion in the U.S.

Back 44

o Religiosity: the importance of religion in a person’s life
o Religiosity can be measured in a number of ways: self-identification, “How often do you? Attend church, worship, pray, etc…

Front 45

religion in changing society

Back 45

o Changing Affiliation
o Secularization: the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred (a move away from religion and tradition toward more emphasis/greater reliance on science)
o Civil Religion: loyalty binding people in a basically secular society…Example: Patriotism
o “New Age” Seekers
o Religious Revival
o Fundamentalism
o Religious Fundamentalism is distinctive in 5 ways:
➢ Interpret sacred texts literally
➢ Reject religious pluralism
➢ Pursue the personal experience of God’s presence
➢ Oppose “secular” humanism”
➢ Endorse conservative political goals

Front 46

The family is a social institution found in?

Back 46

every society

Front 47

What is the term sociologists use for a group containing parents, children, and other kin?

Back 47

extended family

Front 48

Sociologists claim that marriage in the U.S. follows the principle of homogamy, which means that partners are?

Back 48

people who are socially alike in terms of class, age, and race

Front 49

Which theoretical approach states that people select partners who have about the same to offer as they do?

Back 49

the social-exchange approach

Front 50

In the U.S., many latino families are characterized by?

Back 50

strong extended kinship, parents exerting a great deal of control over their children's courtship, and traditional gender rolls

Front 51

What term did Emile Durkheim use to describe the everyday aspects of our lives?

Back 51

profane

Front 52

Peter beger claims that we are most likely to turn religion where we experience?

Back 52

important events that are out of our control

Front 53

Which type of religious organization is most integrated into the larger society?

Back 53

church

Front 54

A sect is a religious organization that?

Back 54

stands apart from the larger society

Front 55

The term "secularization" refers to what?

Back 55

a decline in the importance of religion and the sacred