Sociology 211 Ch. 2,3,4

Front 1

Folkways

Back 1

Norms that are not strictly enforced (ie: burping, eating and talking)

Front 2

Taboo

Back 2

norm so strong it often brings revoltion if violated (canibalism)

Front 3

Subculture

Back 3

Nested in broader culture, Doesn't run in opposition to larger culture

Front 4

Counterculture

Back 4

group whose values, beliefs, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to broader culture

Front 5

Meritocracy

Back 5

a system in which the talented
are chosen and moved ahead on the basis of
their achievement

Front 6

Material/ Non Material Culture

Back 6

Tangible, NM - group's way of thinking, beliefs, language, and gestures

Front 7

Culture Shock

Back 7

the disorientation of being placed in a fundamentally different culture (postville)

Front 8

Xenophobia

Back 8

A person unduly fearful or contemptuous
of that which is foreign, especially of
strangers or foreign peoples.

Front 9

Positive & Negative Sanction

Back 9

P - reward for following norms (smile to a prize)
N - expression of disapproval for violating norms

Front 10

Cultural Relativism

Back 10

not judging culture, but trying to understand it on its own terms

Front 11

Ethnocentrism

Back 11

use of one own's culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of the individual (usually nef evaluation)

Front 12

Anticipatory Socialization

Back 12

anticipating a role, so you learn parts of it now (an internship - learn jargon, dress)

Front 13

Significant Others

Back 13

individual that sig. influences someone else's life (family, close friends)

Front 14

Generalized Others

Back 14

norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people "in general"

Front 15

Stages of Mead's Role Taking (3)

Back 15

1. Imitation - Children under 3 - only mimic others
2. Play - age 3-6 - pretend to be other people (spiderman, nurses, princess...like costumes)
3. Games - organized play, team games (baseball know each position)

Front 16

Cooley's Looking Glass Self

Back 16

process by which our self develops
1. Imagine how we appear (dull or witty)
2. Interpret Reactions - do they like us for being dull or witty?
3. Develop Self Concept - Frames ideas and feelings about ourselves
--social mirror (+ or - self concept

Front 17

Hegemony

Back 17

the dominant social order
and its way of doing things.
--Hegemonic masculinity: socially
endorsed ideas of male toughness,

Front 18

Degradation Society

Back 18

Strip away original personality and identity (Full Metal Jacket, boot camp)

Front 19

Total Institutions

Back 19

jail (no escape), asylums, boot camp

Front 20

Resocialization

Back 20

rebuilding to interact in new society

Front 21

Ascribed Status

Back 21

positions ppl inherits at birth or involuntarily later in life (white, crippled)

Front 22

Achieved Status

Back 22

positions that are earned by the activity of the individual

Front 23

Stereotypes

Back 23

assumptions of what people are like, whether true or false

Front 24

Ideology

Back 24

When ideas, however, unintentionally,
distort reality in a way that justifies the
prevailing distribution of wealth, power,
and privilege, hides society’s injustices,
and thus demands uncritical allegiance
to the existing social order.

Front 25

Routinization of Caricature

Back 25

rhetorically recrafting worst
cases into typical cases, and profoundly
distorting the nature of social life-

Front 26

Front Stage

Back 26

visible performance we want ppl to see

Front 27

Back Stage

Back 27

only show to trusted friends or family
-who you really are
-kept here bc of socialization

Front 28

Status Inconsistency

Back 28

ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others

Front 29

Status Symbol

Back 29

items used to identify status (greek letters)

Front 30

Ethnomethodology

Back 30

the study of how people use back-ground assumptions to make sense out of life

Front 31

Master Status

Back 31

becomes primary status
(see Doctor before woman)

Front 32

Dramaturgy

Back 32

play a role

Front 33

Microsociology

Back 33

analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction (individuals)

Front 34

Macrosociology

Back 34

Focuses on social status and the relationship of groups to one another