Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Culture
|
integrated pattern of thinking, understanding, communicating and evaluating that makes up peoples way of life.
|
|
|
Social structure
|
the pattern of relationships, positions, and numbers of people that provide the “skeleton of social organization for a population.
|
Relationships- the entering into of a stable, containing patter of interaction
Positions (roles) - place in the network of social relationships that carry expectations for behavior. I.e.: mother, president, or priest. Numbers- the numbers of people within different categories... the numerical count of members. |
|
Sociological imagination-
|
the ability to understand why we do the things we do and the social forces that influence these actions.
|
“Looking at our experiences in light of what is happening in the social world.”
|
|
Sociology
|
the study of the ways in which human life is socially organized
|
|
|
Science
|
a systematic way of observing nature, interpreting what we see objectively, searching for relationships of cause and effect and organizing knowledge through theory.
|
|
|
Power
|
the capacity of any one social actor to determine the course of events of the structure of social organization through coercion or manipulation.
|
|
|
Empirical observation
|
the organization of sensory information into scientific data by processes of abstraction, interpretation, and replication.
|
|
|
Logical analysis
|
the development of theory by identifying distinct units of analysis and relationships among them.
|
|
|
Theory
|
a systematic attempt to explain how 2 or more phenomena are related.
|
|
|
Verstehen
|
Weber's term for an empathetic understanding of what people are thinking and feeling.
|
|
|
Social facts
|
enduring properties of social life that shape or constrain the actions individual can take.
|
|
|
Capitalists
|
members of the bourgeoisie. Capital is property that can be used to produce further wealth.
|
|
|
Bourgeoisie
|
the social class in a capitalist industrialized society that owns and controls the means of production.
|
|
|
Proletariat
|
the members of a capitalist industrialized society who have not control over the means of production. (the workers).
|
|
|
Social solidarity
|
the condition that results when underlying social forces bind people together.
|
|
|
Organic solidarity
|
interdependence among a group of people that is based on an intricate division of labor.
|
|
|
Mechanical solidarity
|
solidarity that is based on common beliefs, values and customs.
|
|
|
Anomie
|
disruption in the rules and understanding that guide and integrate social life and give individuals a sense of their place in it.
|
|
|
Status groups
|
groups based on race, religion, personal tastes and other non-economic factors which help establish a social hierarchy.
|
|
|
Symbolic interactionism
|
an approach to human behavior as constructed in interaction and interpreted through culture, stressing the collective attribution of meaning to social life.
|
|
|
Double consciousness
|
a mismatch between one’s image of oneself and the identity ascribed to them by society.
|
|
|
Hypothesis
|
a tentative statement that predicts how two or more variables affect, or are correlate to one another.
|
|
|
Data
|
facts, stats, study results, and other info that is collected and used to construct theories.
|
|
|
Indicator
|
something that can be clearly measured as an approximation of some other, more complex variable
|
|
|
Operational definition
|
the set of clearly measurable indicators that will represent one of the variables in an analysis.
|
|
|
Egoistic suicide
|
Durkheim’s term for suicide that results from social isolation and individualism.
|
|
|
Anomic suicide
|
Durkheim’s term for suicide that results from a condition of social normlessness know as anomie.
|
|
|
Fatalistic suicide
|
taking one’s life to avoid what seems to be and inevitably bleak future if one goes on living.
|
|
|
Altruistic suicide
|
Durkheim’s term for suicide that results firm extreme commitment to a group of community.
|
|
|
Validity
|
the degree to which scientific study measures what it attempts to measure
|
|
|
Reliability
|
the degree to which a study yields the same results when repeated by the original or other researchers.
|
|
|
Function
|
the contribution any social relationship, position, organization, value, or other aspect of society makes to a longer social system.
|
|
|
Spurious correlation
|
a correlation between two variables that has no meaningful casual bias.
|
|
|
Correlation coefficient
|
a decimal number between zero and one that is used to indicate the strength of a correlation.
|
|
|
Quantitative research
|
research that relies on statistical analysis of data.
|
|
|
Functional integration
|
each part of society is influenced by and dependent on its relationship to the others.
|
(Circle of life)
|
|
Qualitative research
|
research that depends on primarily on verbal descriptions, firsthand observations, or pictures to study particular cases in depth
|
|
|
Sample
|
a limited number of people from the population being studied who are representative of that population.
|
|
|
Random sample
|
in a survey, a method used to draw a sample in such away that every member of the population being studied has an equal chance of being selected.
|
|
|
Social action
|
voluntary behavior taken by individuals or groups in order to promote change.
|
|
|
Population
|
in a survey, the total number of people who share a characteristic.
|
|
|
Survey
|
a research method using questionnaires and/or interviews to learn how people thing, feel, or act. (validity, reliability = random= good survey)
|
|
|
Interview
|
a conversation in which a researcher asks a series of questions or discusses a topic with another person.
|
|
|
Experiment
|
a research method in which subjects are exposed to a specially designed situation that allows researchers to control the factors that may affect the hypothetical cause and effect relationships among variables they are studying.
|
feild or labratory setting.
|
|
Ethnographies
|
studies in which researchers observe people in their everyday settings, usually over and extended period of time.
|
|
|
Content analysis
|
a research method that provides a way to systematically organize and summarize both the manifest and latent content of communication.
|
|
|
Cross-cultural research
|
studies that describe social patterns in societies other than the researcher’s own.
|
|
|
Globalization
|
the process by which the peoples of the world are being drawn into closer relationships with one another.
|
|
|
Historical studies
|
sociological research on past events, previous ways of life or patterns of change over time.
|
|