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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Self- Concept
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The content of the self; that is, our knowledge about who we are
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Self- Awareness
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The act of thinking about ourselves
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Self- Schemas
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Mental structures that people use to organize their knowledge about themselves and that influences what they notice, think about, and remember about themselves
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Self- Reference Effect
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The tendency for people to remember information better if they relate it to themselves
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Independent View of the Self
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A way of defining oneself in terms of one’s own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of other people
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Interdependent View of the Self
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A way of defining oneself in terms of one’s relationships to other people; recognizing that one’s behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others
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Introspection
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The process whereby people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives
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Self-Awareness Theory
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The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values
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Causal Theories
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Theories about the causes of one’s own feelings and behaviors; often we learn such theories from our culture
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Reasons- Generated Attitude Change
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Attitude change resulting from thinking about the reasons for one’s attitudes; people assume their attitudes match the reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize
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Self- Perception Theory
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The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs
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Intrinsic Motivation
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The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures
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Extrinsic Motivation
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The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting
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Overjustification Effect
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The tendency to people to view their behavior as caused by compelling reasons, making them underestimate the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons
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Task- Contingent Rewards
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Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardless of how well the task is done
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Performance- Contingent Rewards
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Rewards that are based on how well we perform a task
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Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
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The idea that emotion experienced is the result of a two-stem self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
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Misattribution of Arousal
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The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do
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Social Comparison Theory
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The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people
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Upward Social Comparison
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Comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are on a particular trait or ability
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Downward Social Comparison
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Comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we on a particular trait or ability
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Impression Management
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The attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen
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Ingratiation
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The process whereby people flatter, praise, and generally try to make themselves likable to another person, often of higher status
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Self- Handicapping
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The strategy whereby people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, the can avoid blaming themselves
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