Social Psych Ch. 2 Part 2

Front 1

2 kinds of cognitive processing: conscious processing

Back 1

- effortful reasoning
- intentional implementation of rules and logic
- rational, strategic
- slow
- evolutionarily new (differentiates humans from other animals)

Front 2

2 kinds of cognitive processing: unconscious processing

Back 2

- automatic, impulsive
- intuitive problem solving, heuristics
- emotionally charged situations
- quick
- evolutionarily old

Front 3

2 types of knowledge associated with kinds of cognitive processing: explicit and implicit

Back 3

- explicit= accessible on demand
- implicit= inaccessible to consciouness

Front 4

satisfaction with choices: results from Djiksterhuis and Van Older experiment

Back 4

- unconscious thought was most satisfied with the poster

Front 5

high EXPLICIT self-esteem's role in narcissism (Kernis)- what does it create? what does this lead to?

Back 5

- in narcissism, high explicit self-esteem HIDES low implicit self-esteem
- this creates unstable high self-esteem
- associated with uncontrolled anger when self worth is challenged
- STABLE high self-esteem (high implicit and explicit) is not associated with these reaction

Front 6

high self-esteem: the dark side. Baumeister's theory of programs to develop self-esteem; what do they lead to? "threatened egotism"?

Back 6

- they have no or little measurable positive effect
- leads to INFLATED self-esteem (high explicit with no implicit)
- inflated SE--> "threatened egotism"- cant meet the standard that they assume of themselves

Front 7

boosting self-esteem: swann's views on effective programs, self-affirmations, healthy self views, and negative self-views

Back 7

- effective programs= multifaceted (self-esteem, self-efficacy, interpersonal relationships
- self-affirmations are not sufficient- increased self-esteem must be sustainable
- healthy self views are REALISTIC and ADAPTIVE
- negative self views create negative self-fulfilling prophecies ex) think youre bad at drawing--> wont work to draw better

Front 8

managing how others view us: strategic self-presentation

Back 8

- the process of constructing and presenting the self in order to shape other people's impressions and achieve ulterior goals (self-esteem regulation and other purposes)

Front 9

presenting the self to others: importance of self-presentation

Back 9

- social acceptance impacts self-views
- without projecting an appropriate self image we are embarrassed
- self-presentation is stressful (more time devoted to sp, less time to other cognitive tasks)
- becomes automatic with practice
- less aware of it in intimate relationships

Front 10

self- presentation strategies: ingratiation, false modesty, self-promotion

Back 10

- ingratiation= flattering others so they view you positively, highly effective (people like people who like them), risk: may be viewed as "brown nosing"
- false modesty= under representing your positive aspects in order to preserve high level of perceived competence and honesty, risk: ineffective when others are not aware of the person's attributes/ accomplishments
- self-promotion= conveying positive information through behavior or telling others about your positive assets/accomplishments. risk: can be viewed as bragging

Front 11

self-presentation strategies: self handicapping- 2 types

Back 11

- individual creates obstacles to his or her own performance
- protects self-esteem incase of failure
1) self-reported handicapping- complaining about illness or stress-induced handicap prior to engaging in a task- provides as excuse without hampering performance, lowers expectations which reduces anxiety and increases performance. risk: viewed as a whiner, "crying wolf"
2) behavioral self-handicapping- not adequately preparing for a task/ inhibiting performance with drugs or alcohol. risk: perceived as lazy, unmotivated, poorer performance

Front 12

self-monitoring

Back 12

- constructing a self-presentation that best fits a given social situation

Front 13

high self-monitoring persons are:

Back 13

- extroverted, skilled impression managers ("social chameleons" changing self-presentation based on situation)
- able to communicate, read emotions, and understand nonverbal behavior
- tend to have less intimate and committed social relationships
- tend to judge others as more superficial

Front 14

low self-monitoring persons are:

Back 14

- less socially skillful and attentive to situational cues
- present selves consistently across situations
- behavior guided by inner attitudes and beliefs
- tend to judged MISSED

Front 15

rosenbergs self-esteem scale- how do people score?

Back 15

- overall, generally positive self-evaluations appeared to be UNIVERSAL
- mean score- 30.85
- range: 25.5-33.59

Front 16

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Back 16

- being (growth) needs= self, transcendence, self-actualization
- deficiency needs- NEED TO BE ACHIEVED FIRST in order to achieve growth needs= esteem, belongingness/love, safety/security, physiological
- WE ARE MOTIVATED TO MAINTAIN OUR SELF-ESTEEM

Front 17

self-esteem and self-serving bias

Back 17

- SSB= think of ourselves in a positive way that is not justified by facts
- self-serving attributions: attribute success to ability and effort (internally) and failure to luck or circumstance (externally)
*this helps maintain positive self-esteem
- unrealistic optimism: unrealistic/rosy views of the future for ourselves (realistic for others)
- failure to take precautions increases vulnerability
*this helps maintain positive self-esteem

Front 18

effects of self-serving bias on social judgement

Back 18

- false consensus
- false uniqueness
- better than average effect- regard selves more positively than peers (ethics, intelligence, virtue, tolerance, health, insight, driving)

Front 19

impact of self-serving bias- adaptive v. maladaptive effects

Back 19

- adaptive- protective against depression, buffers stress (resiliency), buffers anxiety (conditions of worth)
- maladaptive- creates relationship conflict, leaves us vulnerable to inadequate self-protection

Front 20

when self-esteem maintenance fails- correlation between low self-esteem and negative self views

Back 20

- most identified as having low self-esteem do NOT have negative self views
-- regard themselves as more neutral as opposed to very positively or very negatively
-- only in comparison to people with high self-esteem do they appear as "low self-esteem"

Front 21

correlates of low self-esteem

Back 21

- more anxious, depressed, hostile, lonely, pessimistic,
- more needful of social acceptance
- more likely to have financial and academic problems
- less likely to have successful careers
- less likely to be physically healthy
- less willing to take risks to benefit themselves
- regulate emotions in a way that maintains low self-esteem

Front 22

low and high self-esteem- each associated with? correlation and causation

Back 22

- low self-esteem associated with negative effects
- high self-esteem associated with initiative, resilience, pleasant feelings
- BUT- does high self-esteem> better life, or do better life> high self-esteem?

Front 23

dark side of high self-esteem: Baumeister- what it leads to? V/C, advice?, failures?, N

Back 23

- violence and cruelty
- less willing to heed advice
- blame others for failures
- associated with narcissism

Front 24

narcissistic personality

Back 24

- demand special treatment, crave attention, entitled, lack empathy, arrogant, envious
- correlates with materialism, fame seeking, cheating, fewer comitted relationships

Front 25

narcissism is on the increase: as seen through?

Back 25

- self-report mesarures- endorsement of self-mportance items
- associate self with positive words