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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disorders of the pleural cavity lead to
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Pleural effusion
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What are key CS of pleural effusion?
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Rapid shallow respirations
No cough Muffled lung sounds (ventrally) |
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Labored breathing from pleural effusion involves dyspnea, tachypnea, orthopnea, and rapid shallow breaths. True or false.
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True know it
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True or false. Its never wrong to perform thoracocentesis. If an animal is dyspneic anf you suspect pleural effusion, TAP, dont xray!
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True
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____thorax loves to give a focal, or unilateral pleural effusion.
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Pyothorax is unilateral
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Fibrosing pleuritis occurs as a result of what three diseases?
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Pyothorax
Xhylothorac FIP |
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With Fibrosing, or Constrictive pleuritis, lungs are very condensed until you remove the fluid surrounding them, then they go back to normal. True or false.
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False. Lungs are Very condense, even with fluid removed.
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Thoracocentesis is something youre going to perform a lot in your cardiac kitties. What ICS do you stick your neede in?
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7th to 9th...stay caudal to the heart! =)
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Under his Fluid Analysis slide it says to check triglyceride counts. Why?
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Chyle (therefore chylothorax) contains more triglycerides than the serum has in it.
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Transudate is basically water moving into extravascular spaces, such as the pleural cavity. Why could hypoalbuminemia cause this?
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Low albumin gives the blood a low oncotic pressure, so the vessels dont do a good job of holding fluid in them
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True or false. Hypoalbuminemia is seen with nephrotic syndrome.
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True.
Proteinuria --> hypoproteinuria --> ascites and high cholesterol. |
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What are ree diseases that can cause hypoalbuminemia and therefore resukt in transudate in the pleural cavity
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PLN
Liver PLE |
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Chronic heart failure can cause a transudate early on but we usually wont be tapping the chest until _______ is present.
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Modified transudate
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What does modified transudate have in it that transudate doesnt?
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More Protein and inflammatory cells
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Pyothorax is not something you tap and send home. Further treatment is always required True or false
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True. You must put in a chest tube or send to surgery.
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The following can cause pyothorax (pus in the pleural space).
A penetrating chest wound Foreign body migration (from resp tract) Esophageal perforation Do these pets present with acute or chronic problems? |
Usually this has been going on for a little while and therefore is a chronic problem
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Millie is a golden retriever that had muffled bronchovesicular sounds. Her chest tap revealed neutrophils with intracellular bacteria.
What do you suspect her disease is? Do you expect to see a distinct cardiac sillhouette on her chest films? |
Pyothorax
No, her heart will be hidden behind all that pus so the silhouette wont be clear |
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Chest tube and thoracic lavage are absolutely necessary in treatment of pyothorax. True or false
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Yes or no. If youre treating medically yes 100%
If youre going to surgery, then no, they will do a thoracotomy and remove all that pus. |
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How many weeks is a pyothorax cat going to be on antibiotics?
Which ones do you give? |
Penicillin
Potentiated sulfa Quinolones For at least a month! (4-6 mos) |
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Which is better in the management of pyothorax, medial or surgical treatment?
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Theres a great debate.
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Are pets with pyothorax brought in for their iannual physical or brought in because theyre sick?
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Theyre brought in because theyre sick.
Fever lethargy anorexia weight loss maybe in septic shock already |
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Chylothorax can be idiopathic (lymphangiectasia) or secondary to ______ disease
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Thoracic disease, like cardiac dz, trauma to the thoracic duct, or HW
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Chylothorax: which two things will be in high in the fluid?
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Cholesterol and triglycerides
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Like pyothorax, chylothprax can be treated medically via thoracocentesis, or surgically. When treating medically, should you change their diet to a high or low fat food?
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Low fat. Chyle is high in cholesterol and triglycerides.
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Neoplastc effusion in the pleural space. Most likely caused by pulmonary carcinoma or mediastinal lymphoma.
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True. Lymphoma lovesssssss to cause pleural effusion on cats.
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What in sam hell does it mean if you aspirated bile from the pleural cavity?
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Diaphragmatic hernia
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FIP can cause pleural effusion characterized by high _______
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Globulins
FIP is always characterized by high globulins! In the blood, in the pleurak cavity, everywhere! |
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Pleural effusion as a result of FIP has high levels of globulins and low levels of ________ in it.
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High globs, low albumin
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Fluid on the lungs is usually caused by Left sided heart failure in dogs. What side results in pleural effusion in cats?
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Both sides. If a cats got any heart disease expect pleural effusion to occur
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What do we call it when heart disease causes pleural effusion?
What kind of fluid do we expect to see? |
Cardiogenic effusion
In early stages of heart failure you might catch a transudative exudate, but usually with cardiogenic effusion, youre going to find modified transudate |
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What is the only cause of spontaneous pneumothorax he talked about in class?
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Rupture of bullae or pther cavitary lesions within the lungs
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