Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What 3 diseases do Suffolk get?
|
abomasal emptying defect
scrapie spiderlamb |
|
|
omg what is Mutton?
|
adult meat sheep... i am never getting the lamb at University Club again
|
|
|
Wether =
|
castrated goat
|
|
|
How much bunk space & living room does a goat need?
|
18"
17 sq ft |
|
|
T/F Unlike goats, sheep have sebaceous glands & horns.
|
false. Unlike sheep, goats have sebaceous glands & horns.
|
|
|
How do you sit up a sheep?
|
chin & flank...push down on rump while turning the head
|
|
|
Every time you cut a small ruminant what two things must you do?
|
tetanus prophy & fly spray
|
|
|
If castrating an older smR (>6mo) what must you do?
|
local anesthesia & sedation
must emasculate (to limit hemorrhage) |
|
|
Why do they dock tails?
|
to prevent flystrike...do it under 2 weeks old or you have to use an electric docker.
|
|
|
What do you have to remember about disbudding babies?
|
only leave iron on for 2-3 sec or you'll melt their brain
|
|
|
Lamb milk replacer...
Calf... |
30 fat, 20-25 protein, 30-35 lactose
20/20 |
|
|
Can we ever give dextrose SQ?
|
only to hypothermic babies (dilute it)
|
|
|
What is the #1 requirement when creep feeding lambs?
|
palatability...give them a yummy ground grain mixture
add some ionophores to that shit (= coccidiostat) |
|
|
When DON'T we vaccinate sheep?
|
in the rain..
|
|
|
What do we vx small R for?
|
C perf C
C perf D C tetani |
|
|
ECC RIFLE are the vx for smR. List them
|
Enzootic abortion of ewes
Clostridium CLA Rabies IBR Footrot (Lepto) E. coli |
|
|
When is the only time you vx @ Orf?
|
AFTER this disease is documented on a farm. You do not want to be the person who introduces this into a herd.
|
|
|
When DON'T we vx @ CLA?
|
don't vx a herd w/ endemic CLA (aka don't vx the goats of grenada)
|
|
|
T/F We use CLA vx to protect a naive flock.
|
True.
|
|
|
Which smR vaccine's injection location is very important?
|
orf. Inject the axillary region...nowhere near the udder.
|
|
|
What causes Enzootic Abortion of Ewes?
|
Chlamydia psittaci
|
|
|
Besides abortion, what does Chlamydia psittaci cause in smR?
|
joints
conjunctivitis |
|
|
If you give Orf vx to a herd of sheep & then the farmer calls to tell you they're red at the injection site, what does that mean?
|
erythema = successful inoculation
|
|
|
Why do vx MOMS for E coli?
|
so the babies get the Ab @ E coli
|
|
|
Who is Lepto a big deal in?
|
cattle = Late term abortion...usually not a required vx for smR
|
|
|
What agent causes CLA?
|
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (which is zoonotic in case you don't want to fail your ambulatory paperwork...I guess this is a msg for the future 6th termers...)
|
|
|
T/F Do not vx grenadian goats @ CLA.
|
probably true. If it's endemic in their flock, don't do it.
|
|
|
What agent causes Contagious Footrot in sheep?
|
Dichelobacter nodosus
|
|
|
What 4 diseases do you worry about when introducing new animals onto your farm?
|
Johne's
Bang's OPP CLA Contagious Footrot |
|
|
What 2 vx should your entering animals get?
|
EAE
Vibrio fetus |
|
|
T/F Isolate animals that have been off the farm for 2 weeks, looking for signs of orf, footrot, pneumonia, or ringworm.
|
true whatever
|
|
|
What skin disease do "show sheep" get cause they're always getting baths & wearing blankets & shit.
|
Club Lamb dz
|
|
|
T/F Oxidative injury --> White Muscle Dz.
|
true
|
|
|
Why would White Muscle Dz cause a hyperkalemia?
|
damaged muscle cells release their intracellular content (K+)
|
|
|
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema = perihilar edema.
|
we learned that in PBL
|
|
|
What is "Struck?"
|
yet another name for C perf type D (enterotoxemia, overeating dz, pulpy kidney dz, now STRUCK too!)
|
|
|
What causes proliferation of C. perf type D exotoxins in the gut?
|
high quantities of soluble CHOs
|
|
|
T/F Enterotoxemia usually causes gross lesions in sheep.
|
false, they're "struck" dead so quick there usually isn't time for gross lesions to develop
|
|
|
How can Clostridium perfringens type D cause neuro disease?
|
epsilon toxin --> FSE (focal symmetrical encephalomalacia) --> convulsions & opisthotonous
|
|
|
What is a pathognomonic clin path finding for sheep with Enterotoxemia?
|
glucosuria
|
|
|
How do you get a culture of C. perfringens?
|
anaerobic culture of gut contents of a FRESH cadaver only!! (<1 hour dead)
|
|
|
What does Cu toxicosis cause in smR?
Cu deficiency? |
liver disease
(vs Enzootic Ataxia/Swayback) |
|
|
Cu toxic dose =
|
>10-20 ppm
|
|
|
Where do sheep get Cu toxicity?
|
from eating other species' feed (they all get more Cu than sheep)
|
|
|
What is the optimal Cu:Mo ratio for ovine diets?
HAZARDous levels = |
6:1
>10:1 Cu:Mo = danger! |
|
|
What is the first clin path finding of a Cu toxicosis?
|
increased hepatic enzymes (cause the Cu is stored in the hepatocytes)
|
|
|
When do we see hypercopperemia?
|
i am quite certain i just made that word up.
You don't see increased serum Cu til 1-2 days before they have the acute crisis. |
|
|
What is this "acute crisis" caused by Cu toxicity?
|
acute, severe IV hemolysis --> metHb & liver & renal disease
|
|
|
What do all icteric sheep have?
|
they all have Cu poisoning til proven otherwise.
|
|
|
Why would a Cu toxicity cause dark urine?
|
hemoglobinuria
|
|
|
We said Cu toxicity affects the liver (cause it blows up the hepatocytes). What does it do to the kidneys?
|
gun metal kidneys (stained with metHb)
|
|
|
T/F Cu toxicity can result in prolonged GGT elevations.
|
True. that is probably irrelevant
|
|
|
How do we treat Cu toxicity?
|
copper chelation
ammonium molybdate ...prob not D-penicillamine |
|
|
Sheep seem to become weak in the HL first & may "dog sit."
|
Hypocalcemia
|
|
|
Yeah there was some other BS that caused HL paresis...from the neuro packet...
|
MAC...meningeal worm
ascending myelitis CAE |
|
|
Which electrolyte(s) are you concerned with in transported
|
Ca & Mg (transport tetany)
|
|
|
What's the difference between pure hypoCa & "transport tetany?"
|
hypoCa --> flaccid weakness (HL first)
hypoMg --> tetany |
|
|
Where are you going to do a liver biopsy in a camelid?
|
right 9th ICS....ew, thanks Jess. That better be a TQ, i didn't want to talk about camelids tonight.
|
|
|
What is one of the most annoying things about pregnany toxemia?
|
that the ketones produced decrease appetite = vicious cycle
|
|
|
If your client describes one of his pregnant ewes as just ADR....what do you think?
|
pregnancy toxemia
|
|
|
For which 2 GI diseases are goats more dramatic/colicky/vocal?
|
enterotoxemia
grain overload |
|
|
Why does grain overload lead to laminitis?
|
i dont even remember anymore.
|
|
|
T/F The results of grain overload can affect other organs, eg liver/lung (and MSk)
|
true
|
|
|
What's the best way to put a pig under general anesthesia?
|
gas them down cause their shit is hard to intubate
|
|
|
Why give thiamin injections to grain overloads?
|
so they don't get polio
|
|
|
What are your 3 DDx for colic in goats?
|
enterotoxemia
grain overload uroliths |
|
|
Is orf self-limiting?
|
yes
|
|
|
Can orf parapox virus survive for long periods in the environment?
|
yes, annoyance
|
|
|
How do you treat Pizzle Rot?
|
pen! or tetras
protein <14% |
|
|
What does CLA affect?
|
adult lymph nodes
(prescap, mandib, parotid) |
|
|
What does the internal form of CLA manifest as?
|
pulmonary or mediastinal abscesses
|
|
|
What is the test for CLA....that measures IgG response to the exotoxin in the patient's serum?
|
SHI (synergistic hemolysis inhibition test)
wtf i have no idea |
|
|
Cull CLA positives.
|
sure why not
(you don't have to but you can) |
|
|
Contagious footrot of smR is both inf & contagious.
|
This is like the only thing I've retained from this class.
|
|
|
Wool break =
|
following stress/dz/fever by a month or so
|
|
|
What is the cause of Wool Break?
|
whole body telogen effluvium
|
|
|
If you find ectoparasites on your sheep (keds or lice), what are you going to put on them?
|
synthetic pyrethrins
|
|
|
If you find pustules & small abscesses in the skin of sheep, what is your diagnosis? How are you going to treat?
|
demodex (cigars)
ABx for the secondary bacterial infection |
|
|
What the hell causes Floppy Kid Syndrome?
|
GREEDY BABIES
acidosis from drinking too much milk solution = give them cold milk so they don't drink so much...or reduce grain fed to does to decrease milk production |
|
|
How do you treat Floppy aka Greedy Kid Syndrome?
|
IV sodium bicarb
|
|
|
How much bicarb do you give to Floppy aka Greedy Kid Syndrome?
|
BW x 0.6 x Base Deficit = mEq bicarb needed
|
|
|
How do you treat clinical Coccidiosis?
|
Albon (a sulfa)
|
|
|
T/F Haemonchus contortus causes diarrhea in affected smR.
|
False. I mean maybe it can but no. It causes blood loss (anemia, edema, ascites)
|
|
|
Clinical findings in an animal with Type II Ostertagia (3)
|
no eggs
high serum pepsinogen alkaline abomasum (>5) |
|
|
Which dewormers bind to ACh?
|
levamisole
morantel pyrantel (LMNOP kinda close) |
|
|
What is the action of the avermectins?
|
bind to GABA
|
|
|
What do the benzimidazoles do?
|
something with tubulin
|
|
|
T/F Fenbendazole has a narrow margin of safety.
|
False. You can increase dose up to 10x (ELDU).
|
|
|
Which dewormer is teratogenic?
|
albendazole during first trimester
|
|
|
When do we deworm against nasal bots (Oestrus ovis)
|
fall
|
|
|
What's a broken-mouthed ewe?
|
she's missing some incisors
|
|
|
What causes granulomatous enterocolitis?
|
Johne's
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis |
|
|
Weaver's syndrome is associated with high milk production. T/F
|
true.
|
|
|
What is the hallmark sign of Johne's in small ruminants?
|
NOT diarrhea.
*PLE & gradual weight loss* |
|
|
How do you test for Johne's?
|
acid-fast staining of the ileo-cecal junction/histopath
idk some AGID & ELISAs to look for Ab formed during advanced dz |
|
|
T/F (ok this is a key concept) Seroconversion tends to occur relatively LATE in the course of infection, usually well after fecal shedding of M. paraTB has started.
|
true.
|
|
|
T/F AGID & ELISA have a low specificity & positive predictable value in flocks & herds where the disease is well established?
|
False.
AGID & ELISA have a high specificity & positive predictable value in herds where disease is well established. |
|
|
What is the bad news when it comes to testing for Johne's?
|
Because detectable Ab develop later in the dz, an infected animal can be shedding the organism & infecting others before it develops a high enough Ab titer to be detected (by AGID or ELISA).
|
|
|
Where do you collect your tissue sample for Johne's?
|
ileocecal junction
|
|
|
What will on histopath you see if they have Johne's?
|
acid-fast coccobacilli in clumps
|
|
|
Gross lesions of Johne's Disease are only present in about _____% of sheep with advanced Johne's disease.
|
50%
|
|
|
What is the current gold standard for Johne's Disease in small ruminatns?
|
histopath
|
|
|
How do we control Johne's?
|
cull or isolate
(fecal oral transmission) |
|
|
Abomasal emptying defect leads to what abominal contour?
|
papple (right dorsal, left ventral)
|
|
|
What is the commonest sign of Abomasal Emptying Defect?
|
weight loss
|
|
|
Tell me 3 things you see on clin path of an abomasal emptying defect.
Which is most important? |
alkalosis
hypochloremia rumen Cl >25 |
|
|
What are all those damn diseases that CAE can cause?
|
arthritis
hard bag encephalomyelitis pneumonia |
|
|
CAE <3 which cell?
|
macrophage
|
|
|
What is the most important route of transmission of CAE?
|
colostrum & milk
only CAE negative does are allowed to nurse their babies |
|
|
Which joint is most commonly affected by CAE?
|
carpal
|
|
|
When you have a CAE positive goat what are your 2 treatment options?
|
cull or segregate
|
|
|
What is the serological test you can run to determine exposure to CAE?
|
AGID
|
|
|
If AGID for CAE Ab is positive, what tests can you run to determine exposure vs disease?
|
histopath or PCR
|
|
|
T/F To prevent CAE, we separate kids from does at birth =(
|
yes =(
|
|
|
What causes "Infectious Polyarthritis of smR?"
|
Chlamydophia pecorum
|
|
|
What does Chlamydia psittaci cause?
Chlamydia pecorum? |
psittaci --> enzootic abortion, joints, conjunctivitis
pecorum --> joints, oncjunctivitis (no abortion) |
|
|
Is Chlamydia easy to culture?
|
no or i wouldn't have asked
|
|
|
Chlamydia pecorum causes Stiff Lamb dz ....what kind of polyarthritis do we see?
|
a fibrinous polyarthritis from pecorum
|
|
|
How do we treat Stiff Lamb dz aka Polyarthritis?
|
oxytet or chlortet
|
|
|
What does Mycoplasma cause?
|
mastitis
mild pneumonia keratoconjunctivitis |
|
|
What does Mycoplasma mycodies capri cause?
|
septicemia
polyarthritis severe pneumonia mastitis |
|
|
What causes enzootic abortion of ewes?
|
Chlamydia abortus?????????
|
|
|
What are common defects of a spider lamb ?
|
kyphosis
scoliosis concave or narrow sternum roman nose long legs angular limb deformities |
|
|
What is a black ram?
|
a carrier for spider lamb
run a DNA then cull that boy |
|
|
How do deworm for Nasal Bots?
|
ivermectin in the fall
|
|
|
What are your 3 major causes of bacterial pneumonia in smR?
|
mannhemia
p multocida mycoplasma (anyting with an M in it causes bacterial penumonia in smR) |
|
|
CAE & OPP <3 what cells?
|
macrophages
|
|
|
When do we most frequently see pneumonia?
|
in the spring cause it starts getting humid in the barns
|
|
|
Chronic interstitial pneumonia caused by a lentivirus =
|
OPP
|
|
|
What cell does OPP love?
|
macrophages
|
|
|
OPP dx?
|
AGID idk
|
|
|
How do we best "diagnose" OPP or CAE?
|
seropositive (AGID) + no response to ABx or anthelmintics
|
|
|
How do you treat OPP?
|
you dont
|
|
|
In goats, you don't necessarily let the kids drink their mom's colostrum. Why?
|
in case she has CAE
give them cow colostrum, pasteurized goat colostrum or colostrum from a documented CAE-negative doe |
|
|
What causes a diffuse, symmetrical, indurated mastitis?
|
CAE & OPP
|
|
|
What is the neuro disease caused by OPP?
|
Maedi-Visna
|
|
|
What is the neuro disease caused by CAE?
|
spinal cord disease in kids
|
|
|
T/F OPP & CAE cause a chronic interstitial pneumonia
|
true
|
|
|
What's the only difference between OPP & CAE?
|
the type of neuro disease they cause
|
|
|
T/F Polio is characterized by blindness & a high mortality rate.
|
sure!
|
|
|
Acute polio causes what 2 consistent signs?
|
dorsomedial strabismus & opisthotonus
|
|
|
Blindness & ataxia are common features of the subacute form, but seizures & coma are not.
What disease am I talking about? |
polio
|
|
|
What is the major metabolic pathway for glucose metabolism in the brain, particularly in animals on a high concentrate/low roughage diet in which an increased requirement for glucose might exist?
|
pentose-phosphate pathway
|
|
|
What is associated with polio?
|
amprolium
bracken fern high dietary sulfate (wont respond to B1 injections) mollasses (urea) |
|
|
What are the two thiaminase-producing bacteria?
|
Clostridium sporogenes & Bacillus
|
|
|
Can you treat polio with B-complex injection?
|
no, there's not enough B1 in that.
|
