Psychology Intro

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psychology

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the science of behavior and mental processes

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nature-nurture issue

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the long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

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natural selection

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the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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neuroscience

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how the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

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evolutionary

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how nature selects traits that promote the perpetuation of one's genes

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behavior genetics

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how much our genes, and our environment, influence our individual differences

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psychodynamic

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how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

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behavioral

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how we learn observable responses

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cognitive

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how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

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social-cultural

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how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

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basic research

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pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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applied research

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scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

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clinical psychology

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a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

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psychiatry

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a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

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Wundt; 1879

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The first psychology laboratory was established by ? in the year ?

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Wilhelm Wundt

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"Psychology is the science of mental life"

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any action we can observe and record

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"behavior"

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Top-down versus bottom-up processing

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Not a major issue of psychology?

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Way of asking and answering questions

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psychology is most accurately described as a?

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philosophy and biology

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two historical roots of psychology?

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Plato

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Intelligence was inherited?

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Psychiatrist

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Which is also a physician?

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Developmental psychologist

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Works with the relationship between changes in our thinking over the life span and changes in moral reasoning?

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Industrial/ organizational psychology

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Studying human behavior in the workplace?

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applied

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Research in which changing of office layout is studied?

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People learn and remember material best when they actively process it

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PRTR study method?

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true

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psychology has flourished more in north america than in china?

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False

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First primary research tool was the experiment?

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True

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Subject matter of psych has changed over the history of the field?

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True

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Every psych event is simultaneously a biological event?

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False

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Most psychologists work within the behavioral perspective

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False

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Major perspectives in psych contradict one another

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False

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Most psychotherapists are psychiatrists

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True

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"Spaced practice" promotes better retention than "massed practice"?

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False

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"Overlearning" hinders retention?

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True

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Major goal of psych is to teach us how to ask important questions and think critically as we evaluate competing ideas?

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self-examination of mental processes

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introspection as a research tool based upon?

Front 38

All of the above is true

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Dharma's term paper on the history of American psychology notes that?

Front 39

Examples of subjective experiences

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Sensations, dreams, beliefs, and feelings?

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nurture

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John Locke?

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nature

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Rene Descartes?

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psychologists approach the study of thoughts and actions with careful observation and rigorous analysis

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"psychology is a science" means that?

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nurture works on what nature endows

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Nature-nurture debate notes that?

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Personality psycholgist

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Studys people's enduring inner traits?

Front 45

conscious processes

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Cognitive perspective emphasizes?

Front 46

observable responses

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behavioral perspective emphasizes?