Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Aristotle
|
300 B.C. theroised about learning memory and emotion
greek naturalist and philospher |
|
|
wilhelm Wundt
|
1879, Germany university first psych lab
|
|
|
first two branches of Psych
|
structuralism and functionalism
|
|
|
Titchener
|
tried to dicover minds structure, introspection
|
|
|
William James
|
evolutinary psych, functinalist. influenced by darwin
|
|
|
John b Watson, and BF Skinner
|
Behaviorists
behaviorism lasted well into the 1960's |
|
|
Carl Rogers, Abraham Moslow
|
first two humanistic psychologists
|
|
|
Biopsychosocial approach
|
looks at biological, pyscological, and social cultural factors
|
|
|
Psychology's sub fields
|
basic research, Applied research, Counseling psychology, Counciling Psycology, Clincial psych, pysycitray, positive psych, community psych
|
|
|
hindsite bias
|
i knew it all along
|
|
|
behavior
|
anything a subject does
|
|
|
neurons
|
building blocks for nervous system
|
|
|
action potential
|
an impuse a neron fires after getting messages from nehborign nerons
|
|
|
resting potential
|
positive outside/negitive inside state
|
|
|
threshold
|
level of exititory signals- inhibitory sinals needed to trigger an action potential
|
|
|
psychology root disciplines
|
biology
philosophy |
|
|
dualism
|
mind was seprate from the body, continued to exist after death
socrates and plato |
|
|
socrates and plato
|
knowlage was innate- existing at birth
dualism |
|
|
Aristotle
|
monism, mind is not separate from body, knowledge grows from experience
|
|
|
Rene Descartes
|
1596-1650
intercative , hyraulic model of reflex |
|
|
Francis Bacon
|
founder of modern science, wrote on how experimentation should be done
|
|
|
John Locke
|
mind was a blank sheet at brith, tabla rasa, empiricism
|
|
|
tabula rasa
|
mind blank sheet at birth, experience wrote on it
|
|
|
empiricism
|
knowledge originates in experience, should be studied through observation and experimentation
|
|
|
Broca
|
localization of function, cetin functions controlled by certin areas of the brain
|
|
|
Wilhelm Wundt
|
established the first psycology laboratory(germany) 1879, studied consciousness using introspection
|
|
|
E.B. Titchener
|
founded structuralism, foused on undrstanding the basic elements forming the structure of the mind
|
|
|
Functions of the mind
|
Book written by william James, later called functionalism
|
|
|
William James
|
influenced by darwin. Belived stream of consciousness had no basic elements. Wrote Principles of Psycology
|
|
|
Sigmund Freud
|
late 19th century, psychoanilitic approach
|
|
|
Behavorism
|
1920-1960, social science should focus on behavior not the mental process
|
|
|
Leading behavorists
|
John Watson, B.F. Skinner
|
|
|
leading humanistic
|
Maslow and rogers.
|
|
|
cognitive psychology
|
combined behaviorist methods of study with focus on info processing by mind.
came back in 1960 |
|
|
cell body of a neuron
|
recive info from other cells
|
|
|
dendrites
|
branches on a tree, send and recive info
|
|
|
axon
|
part of nerve that carries info from one place to another, end where branches are, called axon terminal
|
|
|
mylin sheath
|
inslator of axon
|
|
|
action potential
|
breif electric charge, travels down axon, generated by movement of positivly charged atoms in and out of axon membrane
|
|
|
Depolarization
|
happens when positive ions enter the neuron, making it more susceotible to fire action potential
|
|
|
hyperpolarization
|
negitive ions enter the neuron making it less susceptible to fire
|
|
|
threshold
|
when the net amount of depolarizarion gets to critical value and triggers an action potential
|
|
|
synapse
|
junction between sending neron and dendrite or cell body
|
|
|
reuptake
|
reabsorbed into the sending neuron, applies brakes on neurtransmitter action
|
|
|
Dopamine
|
movement learning attention and emotion
|
|
|
Enzymatic degradation
|
an enzyme breaks down a molecule and the nerotransmitter loses its ability to affect the receiptor site
|
|
|
Acetylcholine
|
muscle action, learning, memory
|
|
|
serotonin
|
mood hunger, sleep, arousal
|
|
|
norepinephrine
|
helps control alertness and arousal
|
|
|
Gaba
|
major inhibitory neurotransmitter
|
|
|
Glutamate
|
major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory
|
|
|
Central nervous system
|
brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
Peripheral Nervous system
|
sensory and moror neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
|
|
|
autonomic nervous system
|
controls self regilated action of internal organs and glans
|
|
|
somatic
|
controls voulentary movements of skeletal muscles
|
|
|
autonomic- sympathetic
|
arousing, mobilises the body in stressful situations
|
|
|
autonomic- parasympathetic
|
calming
|
|
|
Brain stem
|
oldest part of the brain
|
|
|
medulla
|
base of brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing
|
|
|
reticular formation
|
nerve network in the brainstem- important role in controlling arousal
|
|
|
thalamus
|
sensory switchboard, located on top of the brain stem, directs info to sensory areas and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla
|
|
|
cerebellum
|
coordinate vountary movements and balance, involved in some aspects of learning
|
|
|
limbic system
|
donut shaped system of neural structures that border brain stem
|
|
|
hypothalamus
|
below the thalamus, directs maintenance activies, eating drinking, body tempature
|
|
|
EEG
|
records electrical waves in brain, via electrodes on scalp
|
|
|
Pet scan
|
looks at brain activaty through a radioactive form of glucose
|
|
|
Mri
|
uses magnetic feilds and radio waves to look at diffrent types of tissue
|
|
|
Broca's area
|
damage= impared speaking
|
|
|
Wernicke's area
|
damage= impared understanding
|
|
|
pituitary gland
|
master gland
|
|
|
adrenal glands
|
adrenal medulla-
adrenal cortex |
|
|
adrenal medulla
|
secreates hormones durring stress and emothion
|
|
|
adrenal cortex
|
regulates salt and carbohydrate metabolism
|
|
|
conscousness
|
awarness of world around us
|
|
|
conscious level
|
relatively complete awareness of our current experinces
|
|
|
preconscious level
|
easy access of sensations, thoughts and memories not currently in our attention
|
|
|
unconscious
|
thoughts and memories not easily accessed
|
|
|
uconsciousness
|
general lack of awareness
cause by, intoxication, metabolic disturbance, brain injury, brain tumor or stroke |
|
|
self awareness
|
state where we focus on ourslefs,
|
|
|
anesthesia
|
loss of sensation
|
|
|
analgesia
|
loss of pain sensation
|
|
|
circadian rhythm
|
one cycle per day, sleep wake
|
|
|
ultradian rhythm
|
more than one cycle per day, breating
|
|
|
infradian rhythm
|
less than one cycle per day, menstration
|
|
|
alpha waves
|
slow relaxed, awake brain waves
|
|
|
delta waves
|
large, low sleep waves of a deep sleep
|
|
|
beta waves
|
small fast waves, alert state
|
|
|
rem rebound
|
rem sleep increases following rem sleep deprivation
|
