Psychology Final Exam

Front 1

_____ would separate family in a test situation, watch response of infant and behavior of caregiver

Back 1

ainsworth

Front 2

when caregiver leaves, a secure child does what?

Back 2

responds but generally maintains activity

Front 3

when caregiver leaves, a resistant child does what?

Back 3

jumps up and crys, does not continue previous activity

Front 4

when caregiver leaves, a avoidant child does what?

Back 4

not much of a response when they leave or return

Front 5

what are 3 important things in choosing a day care

Back 5

1. sufficient staff, so attention is paid

2. educational level of the staff

3. you can walkin any time u want

Front 6

describe 3 components of emotion

Back 6

1. subjective feelings (surprise, anger, guilt, etc)

2. physiological component- sympathetic arousal. correlates- heart rate increased by anger and fear but decreased by disgust

3. expressive action- universally recognized

Front 7

facial feedback hypothesis

Back 7

facial feedback hypothesis
the proposal that muscles in the face deliver signals to the brain that are then interpreted depending on the pattern as a subjective emotional state.

Front 8

fisher proposed the question is love an emotion or a ___
___?

Back 8

motivational state

Front 9

james-lange theory

Back 9

a theory of emotion that argues that body reactions precede and drive the subjective experience of emotions

Front 10

cannon bard theory

Back 10

a theory of emotion that argues that body reactions and subjective experiences occur together but independently

Front 11

two factor theory and who proposed it

Back 11

a theory of emotion that argues that the cognitive interpretation or appraisal of a body reaction drives the subjective experience of emotion (schachter and singer)

Front 12

importance of recognizing early emotion:

Back 12

emotion influences behavior and vice versa

Front 13

who said that recognition of emotion exposes and validates

Back 13

ginott

Front 14

what are the assumptions of psychoanalysis

Back 14

conflict resolution and subconscious (the conflicts are driven early in the memory, unaware by ego)

Front 15

what is a treatment for psychoanalysis

Back 15

identifying the cause. usually its from infancy or early childhood.

Front 16

to reveal the subconscious you ...

Back 16

use insight oriented discussion and dream analysis and free association

Front 17

what is the resistance?

Back 17

ego is going to try and protect the subconscious

Front 18

what is transference?

Back 18

emotional relationship with therapist develops

Front 19

what is catharsis?

Back 19

an overwhelming insight

Front 20

freud said we may be slaves of ___ ___

Back 20

repetitive compulsion (dating the same kind of guys)

Front 21

what is the imago

Back 21

describes parental influences, childhood hurts

Front 22

what is mirroring?

Back 22

one expresses feelings, and the partner listens and repeats back what they feel to understand

Front 23

who is the theoretical father of the humanist school

Back 23

maslow

Front 24

what did wolpe do to cure catatonia

Back 24

used reinforcement to shape behavior

Front 25

psychodynamic theory

Back 25

an approach to personality development, based largely on the ideas of sigmund freud that holds that much of behavior is governed by unconscious forces

Front 26

id

Back 26

in freuds theory, the portion of personality that is governed by inborn instinctual drives, particularly those related to sex and aggression (pleasure principle)

Front 27

superego

Back 27

in freuds theory the portion of personality that motivates people to act in an ideal fashion in accordance with the moral customs defined by parents and culture (ego ideal)

Front 28

ego

Back 28

in freuds theory, the portion of personality that induces people to act with reason and deliberation and helps them conform to the requirements of the external world (reality principle)

Front 29

oral stage

Back 29

the first stage in freuds conception of psychosexual development, occuring in the first year of life, in this stage pleasure is derived primarily from sucking and placing things in the mouth

Front 30

anal stage

Back 30

freuds second stage of psychosexual development, occuring in the second year of life; pleasure is derived from the process of defacation

Front 31

phallic stage

Back 31

freuds third stage of psychosexual development lasting from about age 3-5, pleasure is gained from self-stimulation of the sexual organs

Front 32

latency period

Back 32

freuds period of psychosexual development from age 5 to puberty, during which the child's sexual feelings are largely suppressed

Front 33

genital stage

Back 33

freuds final stage of psychosexual development during which one develops mature sexual relationships with members of the opposite sex

Front 34

humanistic psychology

Back 34

an approach to personality that focuses on people's unique capacity for choice, responsibility and growth

Front 35

what are criticisms of the freudian model?

Back 35

no scientific base, sexist against women, emphasis on sex/not evolutionary, not testable

Front 36

psychoanalysis

Back 36

freuds method of treatment that attempts to bring hidden impulses and memories which are locked in the unconscious, to the surface of awareness, thereby freeing the patient from disordered thoughts and behaviors

Front 37

insight therapies

Back 37

treatments designed to give clients self-knowledge, or insight, into the contents of their thought processes

Front 38

free association

Back 38

a technique used in psychoanalysis to explore the contents of the unconscious; patients are asked to freely express whatever thoughts and feelings happen to come to their minds

Front 39

dream analysis

Back 39

a technique used in psychoanalysis, freud believed that dreams are symbolic and contain important information about the unconscious

Front 40

resistance

Back 40

in psychoanalysis a patients unconsciously motivated attempts to subvert or hinder the process of therapy

Front 41

transference

Back 41

in psychoanalysis, the patient's expression of thoughts or feelings, toward the therapist that are actually representative of the way the patient feels about other significant people in his or her life

Front 42

what are some problems with psychoanalysis?

Back 42

memory reconstruction, catharsis as a cure, cost of treatment

Front 43

what is the advantage of psychoanalysis?

Back 43

it is insight oriented

Front 44

erikson was responsible for the ___ approach to therapy

Back 44

psychodynamic

Front 45

erikson places an emphasis on...

Back 45

the entire life span

Front 46

trust vs mistrust

Back 46

(birth-1) developing a sense of trust in otheres, will the people around me fulfill my needs?

Front 47

autonomy vs shame or doubt

Back 47

(1-3) developing a sense of self control, am i in charge of my own actions?

Front 48

initiative vs guilt

Back 48

(3-5) developing a sense of ones own drive and initiative: can i carry out plans? should i feel guilty for trying to carry out my own plans?

Front 49

industry vs inferiority

Back 49

(5-12) developing a sense of personal ability and competence: can i learn and develop new skills?

Front 50

identity vs identity confusion

Back 50

(adolescence) developing a single, unified concept of self, a sense of personal identity: who am i?

Front 51

intimacy vs isolation

Back 51

(young adulthood) Questioning the meanings of our relationships with others: can i form a commited relationship with another person, or will my personal insecurities lead to isolation?

Front 52

generativity vs stagnation

Back 52

(middle adulthood) conver over whether one has contributed to the success of children and future generations: have i contributed to the community at large?

Front 53

integrity vs despair

Back 53

(late adulthood) acceptance of ones life, successes and failures, ami content looking back on my life

Front 54

who wrote the book "getting the love you want"

Back 54

hendrix

Front 55

what are fusers and isolators

Back 55

fusers have a need for closeness, isolators have a need for space, they tend to pair

Front 56

what are some psychodynamic exercises

Back 56

identify childhood wounds & frustrations, compare imago and partner profile, unfinished business, mirroring

Front 57

psychodynamic therapy is about becoming ____ ( ___ element)

Back 57

conscious, cognitive

Front 58

humanistic therapy

Back 58

an approach to personality that focuses on peoples unique capacity for choice responsibility and growth

Front 59

positive regard

Back 59

the idea that we value what others think of us and that we constantly seek others approval, love, and companionship

Front 60

self-actualizatircon

Back 60

the ingrained desire to reach ones true potential as a human being

Front 61

maslows hierarchy of needs

Back 61

maslow proposed that our observable personality characteristics will indicate where we are positioned in the hierarchy of needs.

Front 62

what is included in the hierarchy of needs?

Back 62

self-actualization needs, esteem needs, belongingness and love needs, safety needs, physiological needs

Front 63

___ came up with the client centered or self-concept therapy that includes the following:

Back 63

rogers, insightful, positive regard toward self, unconditional positive regard by therapist

Front 64

humanistic treatment:

Back 64

aid to developing rather than healing, need for positive regard

Front 65

humanistic therapy

Back 65

treatments designed to help clients gain insight into their fundamental self-worth and value as human beings

Front 66

client centered therapy

Back 66

a form of humanistic therapy proposing that it is the client not the therapist who holds the key to psychological health and happiness, the therapists role is to provide the genuineness, unconditioned positive regard, and empathy

Front 67

behavioral therapies

Back 67

treatments designed to change behavior through the use of established learning techniques

Front 68

systematic desensitization

Back 68

a technique that uses counterconditioning and extinction to reduce the fear and anxiety that have become associated with a specific object or event

Front 69

behavioral therapy assumption:

Back 69

environment influences and reinforcers

Front 70

behavioral therapy treatment:

Back 70

address the symptom

Front 71

who wrote the book "the power of now" and what therapy is it under

Back 71

tolle, cognitive

Front 72

who wrote the book "seven habits of highly effective families" and what therapy is it under

Back 72

covey, cognitive

Front 73

Tolle's book suggests to remain ___ and observe __

Back 73

in the present, the mind

Front 74

cognitive therapies

Back 74

treatments designed to remove irrational beliefs and negative thoughts that are presumed to be responsible for psychological disorders

Front 75

the cognitive view of depressoon

Back 75

cognitive therapists believe that internal thoughts and beliefs, not direct experience, lead to depression

Front 76

cognitive psychology has you staying in the __

Back 76

present

Front 77

most important element of therapy:

Back 77

the client has to want to change

Front 78

the perception of another person is affected by..

Back 78

the nature of preknowledge

Front 79

first impressions are usually..

Back 79

resistant to modification

Front 80

personal bias- fundamental attribution error

Back 80

automatically negatively labeling someone for their behavior (calling someone an idiot that cuts u off on the road)

Front 81

fox reaches for grapes but cant reach them. this is an example of...

Back 81

dissonance

Front 82

fox says the grapes were probably sour anyway. this is an example of..

Back 82

blaming the victim, just-world bias

Front 83

implicit sterotyping can be revealed through ___. (psychologist?)

Back 83

priming. dovidio

Front 84

what are some physical characteristics used to form a first impression

Back 84

facial expression, body language, attractiveness, neatness

Front 85

attribution and logical analysis (psychologist?)

Back 85

kelley

Front 86

attribution- goal and mental processes (psychologist?)

Back 86

krull

Front 87

with a controlled attribution there is more ___ to attribute to ones ___

Back 87

reluctance, personality

Front 88

self serving bias:

Back 88

attributing mistakes or success to situation for self, but personality for others

Front 89

jones and heider came up with the _____

Back 89

fundamental attribution error

Front 90

social cognition

Back 90

the study of how people use cognitive processes such as perception memory thought and emotion to help make sense of other people as well as themselves

Front 91

stereotypes

Back 91

the collection of beliefs and impressions held about a group and its members

Front 92

prejudice

Back 92

positive or negative evaluations of a group and its members

Front 93

discrimination

Back 93

behaviors that are directed against members of a group

Front 94

attributions

Back 94

the inference processes people use to assign a cause and effect to behavior

Front 95

fundamental attribution error

Back 95

when people seek to interpret someone elses behavior they tend to overestimate the influence of internal personal factors and underestimate the role of situation factors

Front 96

self serving bias

Back 96

the tendency to make internal attributions about ones own behavior when the outcome is positive and blame the situation when ones behavior leads to something negavtive