Psych Final Exam

Front 1

James-Lange Theory

Back 1

emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli

Front 2

Canon-Bard Theory

Back 2

an emotion-provoking even leads simultaneously to an emotional and bodily reaction

Front 3

Two-Factor Theory

Back 3

emotions are produced by an undifferentiated arousal, with an attribution of that arousal.

Front 4

Drive-Reduction Theory

Back 4

Certain drives, like hunger, thirst, and sexual frustration, motivate us to minimize aversive states

Front 5

Yerkes Dodson Law

Back 5

There’s an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance

Front 6

Contrast Effect

Back 6

once we receive reinforcement for performing a behavior, we expect that reinforcement again.

Front 7

Primary Needs

Back 7

biological necessities

Front 8

Secondary Needs

Back 8

psychological desires

Front 9

Intrinsic Motivation

Back 9

motivated by internal goals

Front 10

Extrinisic Motivation

Back 10

motivated by external goals

Front 11

Hierarchy of Needs

Back 11

Needs- Maslow

Front 12

Passionate Love

Back 12

a powerful longing for one’s partner

Front 13

Companionate Love

Back 13

a sense of deep friendship and fondness for one’s partner

Front 14

Broaden and build theory

Back 14

happiness predisposes us to think more openly, allowing us to "see the big picture" we might have otherwise overlooked

Front 15

Positive Psychology

Back 15

explores what makes people happy

Front 16

Mere Exposure Effect

Back 16

phenomenon in which repeated exposure to a stimulus makes us more likely to feel favorable toward it

Front 17

facial feedback

Back 17

theory that blood vessels in the face feed back temperature information in the brain, altering out experience of emotions

Front 18

lateral hypothalamus

Back 18

plays a role in initiating eating

Front 19

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Back 19

seems to indicate when to stop eating

Front 20

Leptin

Back 20

A hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used.

Front 21

Diathesis-Stress Model

Back 21

all disorders manifest in an individual with some genetic dispositions, however, that person must endure a period of stress that aggrivates symptoms.

Front 22

Demonic Model

Back 22

view of mental illness in which odd behavior, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

Front 23

Medical Model

Back 23

perception that mental illness was due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

Front 24

DSM-IV

Back 24

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: contains criteria for diagnosis of mental disorders.

Front 25

Insanity Defense

Back 25

Person was "insane" while committing crime

Front 26

Incompetence to stand trial

Back 26

Person was in right mind while committing crime but may not understand charges or be able to defend self

Front 27

Hypochondriasis

Back 27

preoccupation with notion that he is infected with a disease

Front 28

Panis Disorder

Back 28

repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with a change in behavior to avoid panic attacks

Front 29

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Back 29

continuing feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability.

Front 30

Phobia

Back 30

intense fear of an object or situation that's grealty out of proportion to its actual threat.

Front 31

agoraphobia

Back 31

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarassing

Front 32

social phobia

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marked fear of publis appearances in which embarassment is possible such as publis speakin, eating, or performing

Front 33

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Back 33

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

Front 34

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Back 34

marked by repeated immersion in obsession, compulsion, or both

Front 35

obsessions

Back 35

persisten ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted or inappropriate

Front 36

complusions

Back 36

repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce or prevent stress

Front 37

Major depressive episode

Back 37

lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activites.

Front 38

manic episode

Back 38

symptoms: dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior

Front 39

bipolar disorder

Back 39

major depression with at l east one case of a manic episode

Front 40

Depersonalization disorder

Back 40

out of body experiences

Front 41

Dissociative Disorders

Back 41

disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception

Front 42

Dissociative Amnesia

Back 42

inability to recount important personal information

Front 43

Dissasociative Fugue

Back 43

sudden, unexpected travel away from home or teh workplace accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

Front 44

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Back 44

the presence of two or more distinct identities that recurren tly take control of the person's behavior

Front 45

Personality Disorder

Back 45

condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations and lead to distress or impairment

Front 46

Borderline Personality Disorder

Back 46

Extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

Front 47

Psychopathic Personality

Back 47

condition marked by a distinctive set of personality traits, including superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness, and risk-taking.

Front 48

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Back 48

condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

Front 49

substance abuse

Back 49

recurrent problems associated with a drug

Front 50

Substance dependence

Back 50

patterns of substance use associated with tolerance and withdrawl

Front 51

Nucleus Accumbens

Back 51

an area in the limbic system that is flooded with dopamine when we engage in reinforcing activities

Front 52

Conversion Disorder

Back 52

patients present with neurological symptoms such as numbness, paralysis, or fits, but where no neurological explanation can be found

Front 53

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Back 53

mood disorder in which people who have normal mental health throughout most of the year experience depressive symptoms in the winter

Front 54

Dream analysis

Back 54

obtaining the patient's thoughts about their dreams and connecting this with their current problems

Front 55

Psychoanalysis

Back 55

First therapy with goal to make unconscious conflicts conscious

Front 56

Free association

Back 56

psychoanalytic patients are invited to relate whatever comes into their minds during the analytic session, and not to censor their thoughts

Front 57

Interpretation

Back 57

showing the patient ways old conflicts arise in current relationships, including that with the analyst

Front 58

Object Relations Therapy

Back 58

emphasize patients' mental representations of themselves and others

Front 59

Person-Centered Therapy

Back 59

centered on the patients' goals and ways of solving problems

Front 60

Gestalt Therapy

Back 60

aims to integrate different, and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self

Front 61

Logotherapy

Back 61

therapeutic approach that helps people find meaning in their lives.

Front 62

Behavioral Therapy

Back 62

focuses on practical behavioral change

Front 63

Systematic Desensitization

Back 63

patients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear, in a stepwise manner

Front 64

Flooding

Back 64

patients immediately experience their greatest fear, with no aversive consequences

Front 65

Token Economy

Back 65

desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that patients can exchange for tangible rewards

Front 66

Aversion Therapy

Back 66

uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors

Front 67

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Back 67

attempts to replace maladaptive or irrational cognitions with more adaptive, rational ones.

Front 68

Strategic Family Intervention

Back 68

family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication between family members

Front 69

Structural Family Therapy

Back 69

treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in fmaily activities to change the structure o finteractions

Front 70

Psychosurgery

Back 70

removal of brain tissue thought to be malfunctioning

Front 71

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Back 71

use of electric curren to "reset" the brain

Front 72

Pharmacotherapy

Back 72

use of medications to treat psychological problems

Front 73

Tardive diskensia

Back 73

irreversible side effect of some antipsychotic drugs causing involuntary movements of facial muscles and twitching of the neck, arms, and legs.